Taxane formulations

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to various formulations of taxanes having improved solubility as compared to paclitaxel, particularly formulations of such taxane derivatives for oral or parenteral administration to a patient.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority based on the following U.S. provisional applications: Ser. No. 60/179,684, filed on Feb. 2, 2000; Ser. No. 60/179,793, filed on Feb. 2, 2000; Ser. No. 60/179,782, filed on Feb. 2, 2000; Ser. No. 60/179,669, filed on Feb. 2, 2000; Ser. No. 60/179,671, filed on Feb. 2, 2000; Ser. No. 60/179,670, filed on Feb. 2, 2000; and Ser. No. 60/179,794, filed on Feb. 2, 2000, all incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to various formulations of taxane derivatives having improved solubility as compared to paclitaxel, particularly formulations of such taxane derivatives for parenteral administration to a patient.

Paclitaxel has shown remarkable antineoplastic effect in a wide range of human cancers. Initially approved in 1992 for the treatment of refractory ovarian cancer, paclitaxel is now the first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer and advanced ovarian cancer. Paclitaxel's effectiveness has also been demonstrated against non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancers, melanoma, colon cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma. In addition to its cytotoxic effects, paclitaxel has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Despite its broad clinical utility, there has been difficulty formulating paclitaxel because of its insolubility in water. The aqueous solubility of paclitaxel is only 0.25 g per ml. Paclitaxel is also insoluble in most pharmaceutically-acceptable solvents, and lacks a suitable chemical functionality for formation of a more soluble salt. Consequently, special formulations are required for parenteral administration of paclitaxel. Paclitaxel is very poorly absorbed when administered orally (less than 1%). No oral formulation of paclitaxel has obtained regulatory approval for administration to patients.

Paclitaxel is currently formulated as Taxol®, which is a concentrated nonaqueous solution containing 6 mg paclitaxel per ml in a vehicle composed of 527 mg of polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor® EL) and 49.7% (v/v) dehydrated ethyl alcohol, USP, per milliliter (available from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, N.J.). Cremophor® EL improves the physical stability of the solution, and ethyl alcohol solubilizes paclitaxel. The solution is stored under refrigeration and diluted just before use in 5% dextrose or 0.9% saline. Intravenous infusions of paclitaxel are generally prepared for patient administration within the concentration range of 0.3 to 1.2 mg/ml. In addition to paclitaxel, the diluted solution for administration consists of up to 10% ethanol, up to 10% Cremophor® EL and up to 80% aqueous solution. However, dilution to certain concentrations may produce a supersaturated solution that could precipitate. An inline 0.22 micron filter is used during Taxol® administration to guard against the potentially life-threatening infusion of particulates.

Several toxic side effects have resulted from the administration of paclitaxel in a Cremophor®/ethanol-based formulation including anaphylactic reactions, hypotension, angioedema, urticaria, peripheral neuropathy, arthralgia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, alcohol poisoning, respiratory distress such as dyspnea, cardiovascular irregularities, flu-like symptoms such as myalgia, gastrointestinal distress, hematologic complications such as neutropenia, genitourinary effects, and skin rashes. Some of these undesirable adverse effects were encountered in clinical trials, and in at least one case, the reaction was fatal. To reduce the incidence and severity of these reactions, patients are premedicated with corticosteroids, diphenhydramine, H₂-antagonists, antihistamines, or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and the duration of the infusion has been prolonged. Although such premedication has reduced the incidence of serious hypersensitivity reactions to less than 5%, milder reactions are still reported in approximately 30% of patients.

There is an additional drawback to the Cremophor®-based formulation. Cremophor® EL can leach phthalate plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride infusion bags and intravenous administration set tubing. This has led to the use of glass bottles or polyolefin containers for storing Taxol® solution and polyethylene-lined administration tubing or tubing made with tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate plasticizer for Taxol® administration.

The physiological problems associated with paclitaxel administration have limited the dosage of paclitaxel that a patient can receive and prolonged the time of administration. Paclitaxel is typically given in a dose ranging from about 110 mg/m² to 300 mg/m² over a 3-24 hour period every 21 days or more, often with premedication. At dosages above 300 mg/m², peripheral neuropathy has been observed. Infusion times do not generally exceed 24 hours because the paclitaxel is physically stable for only 27 hours.

In instances where a patient receives a multi-day continuous infusion, the patient must have a new bag of Taxol® solution each day. In addition to the inconvenience for patients and staff and increased therapy cost, the bag exchange increases the risk of intravenous catheter microbial colonization. It would be advantageous to have a taxane product that remains stable for the entire period of the multi-day administration.

There is a strong need for reformulating taxane compositions using a safer and better-tolerated vehicle than Cremophor®. Alternative formulations of paclitaxel that avoid the use of Cremophor® have been proposed. One approach is incorporation of the drug into a liposomal formulation. However, it has been reported that there is difficulty in achieving a quantitative incorporation of the drug into the liposomal compartment, and that low loading capability and nonspecific uptake by the reticuloendothelial system have limited the clinical usefulness of such liposomes. This formulation is also not storage stable and must be freeze dried and reconstituted before use.

Another approach is to formulate paclitaxel as a lipid emulsion. Most of the efforts to create a paclitaxel formulation as a stable lipid emulsion have been unsuccessful. It has been widely reported in the literature that paclitaxel is insoluble in lipid emulsions containing soybean oil, such as Intralipid®, or lipid emulsions that are a mixture of soybean and safflower oils, such as Liposyn®. See, for example, L. C. Collins-Gold et al., “Parenteral Emulsions for Drug Delivery,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 5, 189-208 (1990); B. D. Tarr, “A New Parenteral Emulsion for the Administration of Taxol,” Pharmaceutical Research, 4(2), 163 (1987); Dolatrai M. Vyas, Paclitaxel (Taxol) Formulation And Prodrugs, The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Taxol and its Derivatives, Elsevier Science B. V., 107 (1995); J. M. Meerum Terwogt et al., “Alternative Formulations of Paclitaxel” Cancer Treatment Reviews, 23, 89 (1997). Paclitaxel's solubility in soybean oil is only 0.3 mg/ml. Vyas, supra. Physical methods for solubilizing paclitaxel in either soybean oil or safflower oil, such as heating or heating with sonication do not solubilize appreciable amounts of paclitaxel. Thus, the lipid emulsion formulations have significant drawbacks in that additives are still needed to solubilize paclitaxel and to prevent it from precipitating out of solution.

Tarr et al., supra, developed a parenteral triacetin emulsion formulation of paclitaxel. The emulsion contained 50% triacetin, 2.0% ethyl oleate, 1.5% Pluronic® F68, 1.5% purified soybean oil and 10 mg paclitaxel. Glycerol was added up to 10% to prevent creaming. This emulsion was reported to be adequately stable for parenteral administration. However, triacetin (glyceryl triacetate) itself proved to be toxic to mice when administered intravenously in concentrations required to deliver therapeutic doses of paclitaxel. Furthermore, no antitumor activity was observed with this formulation.

Andersson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,877,205, discloses a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration containing a taxane analog, dimethylacetamide, polyethylene glycol and an aqueous lipid emulsion. The aqueous lipid emulsion is preferably a soybean oil emulsion. Andersson solubilizes paclitaxel by dissolving it in an organic solvent of dimethylacetamide as the primary vehicle and adding a secondary polyethylene glycol solvent to stabilize the drug in solution for subsequent final dilution in an aqueous solvent, such as an aqueous lipid emulsion (e.g., emulsified soybean oil (Intralipid®), Liposyn®, Soyacal®, and Travemulsion®).

Kaufman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,330 report a composition of a taxine in a stable oil-in-water emulsion for intravenous administration. The taxine is dissolved in an alcohol and then mixed with an oil such as safflower or sunflower oil to form a solution. The alcohol is then removed from the solution by evaporation. The solution is added to an aqueous surfactant dispersion and stirred at high speed to form an emulsion. The emulsion is then refined through a homogenizer.

Although Taxol® and Taxotere® are useful chemotherapeutic formulations, there are limitations on their effectiveness, including limited efficacy against certain types of cancers and toxicity to subjects when administered at various doses. Accordingly, a need remains for additional formulations of chemotherapeutic agents with improved efficacy and less toxicity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Among the various aspects of the present invention, therefore, is the provision of taxane-containing pharmaceutical compositions which compare favorably to Taxol® and Taxotere® formulations with respect to efficacy as anti-tumor agents and with respect to toxicity and stability.

Accordingly, it is an aspect of the invention to provide pharmaceutical compositions for oral or parenteral administration which comprise a taxane and at least one nonaqueous, pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. In one embodiment of the invention, the taxane has a solubility in ethanol of at least 100 mg/ml. In another aspect of the present invention, the taxane has a solubility in ethanol of at least 100 mg/ml and is capable of being crystallized from a solution. In yet another aspect, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise a taxane which has a solubility in ethanol of at least 60 mg/ml and an ID₅₀ value determined relative to the HCT116 cell line that is at least 4 times less than that of paclitaxel.

A further aspect of the present invention is the provision of pharmaceutical compositions for oral or parenteral administration which comprise a taxane of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Other objects and features of this invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides compositions and methods for the solubilization of taxane antitumor compounds in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The taxanes of the invention are more soluble in the carriers and exhibit greater cytotoxic activity as compared to paclitaxel. Therefore, taxane compositions can be formulated to include significantly less ethanol and Cremophor® EL solution as compared to Taxol® solution, or can be formulated to be free of ethanol and/or Cremophor® solution. The taxanes remain physically and chemically stable in the compositions for an extended period of time, allowing for multi-day continuous infusion without replacement of the composition and for administration without the use of an inline filter. The taxane compositions can be administered systemically or locally without undue toxicity caused by the carrier or by precipitation or recrystallization of the taxane. The risk of anaphylactic reactions or other adverse side effects is minimized with the compositions of the invention.

The compositions of the invention allow for a broad range of administration protocols including oral administration. Oral administration has been found to decrease toxic side effects as compared with conventional intraveneous therapy. Rather than producing a sudden high taxane concentration in blood levels as is usually the case with an intravenous infusion, absorption of the taxane through the gut wall provides a more gradual appearance of taxane in the blood levels and enables a stable, steady-state maintenance of desired levels for a long period of time. The compositions can also be administered parenterally in less than 1, 2 or 3 hours so that patients can be treated on an out-patient basis while still providing an anti-neoplastic effective dosage without exceeding dose-limiting toxicities. The compositions are also effective in minimizing or eliminating premedication to reduce patient discomfort and the expense and duration of treatment. In instances where parenteral administration cannot be shortened in duration, the compositions contain lower taxane concentrations as compared to conventional paclitaxel compositions and result in minimal or no adverse side effects.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (1):

wherein

one of R₇ and R₁₀ is hydroxy and the other is acyloxy;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl or heterocyclo;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀;

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo;

R₂ is acyloxy;

R₉ is keto, hydroxy, or acyloxy;

R₁₄ is hydrido or hydroxy; and

Ac is acetyl.

R₇, R₉, and R₁₀ independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration.

In one embodiment, R₂ is an ester (R_(2a)C(O)O—), a carbamate (R_(2a)R_(2b)NC(O)O—), a carbonate (R_(2a)OC(O)O—), or a thiocarbamate (R_(2a)SC(O)O—) wherein R_(2a) and R_(2b) are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo. In a preferred embodiment, R₂ is an ester (R_(2a)C(O)O—), wherein R_(2a) is aryl or heteroaromatic. In another preferred embodiment, R₂ is an ester (R_(2a)C(O)O—), wherein R_(2a) is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. In one particularly preferred embodiment, R₂ is benzoyloxy.

While R₉ is keto in one embodiment of the present invention, in other embodiments R₉ may have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration, preferably the beta stereochemical configuration, and may be, for example, α- or β-hydroxy or α- or β-acyloxy. For example, when R₉ is acyloxy, it may be an ester (R_(9a)C(O)O—), a carbamate (R_(9a)R_(9b)NC(O)O—), a carbonate (R_(9a)OC(O)O—), or a thiocarbamate (R_(9a)SC(O)O—) wherein R_(9a) and R_(9b) are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo. If R₉ is an ester (R_(9a)C(O)O—), R_(9a) is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic. Still more preferably, R₉ is an ester (R_(9a)C(O)O—), wherein R_(9a) is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted furyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl. In one embodiment R₉ is (R_(9a)C(O)O—) wherein R_(9a) is methyl, ethyl, propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), butyl (straight, branched or cyclic), pentyl, (straight, branched or cyclic), or hexyl (straight, branched or cyclic). In another embodiment R₉ is (R_(9a)C(O)O—) wherein R_(9a) is substituted methyl, substituted ethyl, substituted propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), substituted butyl (straight, branched or cyclic), substituted pentyl, (straight, branched or cyclic), or substituted hexyl (straight, branched or cyclic) wherein the substituent(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

Exemplary X₃ substituents include substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatics containing 5 or 6 ring atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. Exemplary preferred X₃ substituents include substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, propyl, butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl, and pyridyl.

Exemplary X₅ substituents include —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀ or —CONHX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heteroaromatic. Exemplary preferred X₅ substituents include —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀ or —CONHX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), butyl (straight, branched or cyclic), pentyl (straight, branched or cyclic), or hexyl (straight, branched or cyclic); (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as substituted or unsubstituted ethenyl, propenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), butenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), pentenyl (straight, branched or cyclic) or hexenyl (straight, branched or cyclic); (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl, propynyl (straight or branched), butynyl (straight or branched), pentynyl (straight or branched), or hexynyl (straight or branched); (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, wherein the substituent(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

C10 Carbonates

In one embodiment, R₁₀ is R_(10a)OCOO— wherein R_(10a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In a preferred embodiment, R_(10a) is methyl, ethyl, straight, branched or cyclic propyl, straight, branched or cyclic butyl, straight, branched or cyclic hexyl, straight or branched propenyl, isobutenyl, furyl or thienyl. In another embodiment, R_(10a) is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), substituted propenyl (straight or branched), substituted isobutenyl, substituted furyl or substituted thienyl wherein the substituent(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is hydroxy;

R₁₀ is carbonate;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo, wherein alkyl comprises at least two carbon atoms;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R₁₀ may be R_(10a)OCOO— wherein R_(10a) is substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl or propyl, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, and still more preferably unsubstituted methyl or ethyl. While R_(7a) is selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(10a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R₁₀a and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R_(10a) is unsubstituted methyl, ethyl or propyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl.

Among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)OCOO— wherein R_(10a) is methyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R_(10a) is R₁₀OCOO— wherein R_(10a) is ethyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)OCOO— wherein R_(10a) is propyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

C10 Esters

In one embodiment, R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In a preferred embodiment, R_(10a) is ethyl, straight, branched or cyclic propyl, straight, branched or cyclic butyl, straight, branched or cyclic pentyl, straight, branched or cyclic hexyl, straight or branched propenyl, isobutenyl, furyl or thienyl. In another embodiment, R_(10a) is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), substituted propenyl (straight or branched), substituted isobutenyl, substituted furyl or substituted thienyl wherein the substituent(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is hydroxy;

R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO—;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo, wherein alkyl comprises at least two carbon atoms;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo; and

R_(10a), is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo wherein said hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl contains carbon atoms in the alpha and beta positions relative to the carbon of which R_(10a) is a substituent;

Bz is benzoyl; and

Ac is acetyl.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to the above structure (2), R_(10a) may be substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, propyl or butyl, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted ethyl or propyl, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, and still more preferably unsubstituted ethyl. While R_(10a) is selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(10a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(10a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R_(7a) is unsubstituted ethyl or propyl, more preferably ethyl.

Among the preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is ethyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is propyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

C10 Carbamates

In one embodiment, R₁₀ is R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein R_(10a) and R_(10b) are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo. Exemplary preferred R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein (a) R_(10a) and R_(10a) are each hydrogen, (b) one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, or (c) R_(10a) and R_(10b) are independently (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, preferred R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is hydroxy;

R₁₀ is carbamoyloxy;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo, wherein alkyl comprises at least two carbon atoms;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R₁₀ may be R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) phenyl or substituted phenyl such as nitro, alkoxy or halosubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, preferred R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl. In another embodiment, preferred R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo. While R_(10a) and R_(10b) are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(10a), R_(10b), and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(10a), R_(10b), and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R₁₀ is R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO—, one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted or unsubstituted substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl, phenyl or heterocyclo.

Among the preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein R_(10a) is methyl and R_(10b) is hydrido. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein R_(10a) is ethyl and R_(10b) is hydrido. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

C10 Heterosubstituted Acetates

In one embodiment, R₁₀ is R_(10a)C(O)O— wherein R_(10a) is heterosubstituted methyl, said heterosubstituted methyl moiety lacking a carbon atom which is in the beta position relative to the carbon atom of which R_(10a) is a substituent. The heterosubstituted methyl is covalently bonded to at least one heteroatom and optionally with hydrogen, the heteroatom being, for example, a nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atom. The heteroatom may, in turn, be substituted with other atoms to form a heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters or ether moiety. Exemplary R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, acyloxymethyl, or methylthiomethyl.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, and R₁₀ is R_(10a)C(O)O— wherein R_(10a) is alkoxymethyl, preferably methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl. In another embodiment of the present invention the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, and R₁₀ is R_(10a)C(O)O— wherein R_(10a) is acyloxymethyl, preferably acetoxymethyl.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, R₁₀ is R_(10a)C(O)O— wherein R_(10a) is alkoxymethyl such as methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl, or aryloxymethyl such as phenoxymethyl, and X₃ is heterocyclo. In another embodiment of the present invention the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, and R₁₀ is R_(10a)C(O)O— wherein R_(10a) is acyloxymethyl, preferably acetoxymethyl, and X₃ is heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, the taxanes correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is hydroxy;

R₁₀ is heterosubstituted acetate;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo, wherein alkyl comprises at least two carbon atoms;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is heterosubstituted methyl, more preferably heterosubstituted methyl wherein the heterosubsituents are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atoms, still more preferably heterosubstituted methyl wherein the heterosubstituent is alkoxy or acyloxy. While R_(10a) is selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(10a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(10a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R₁₀ is alkoxyacetyl aryloxyacetyl, or acyloxyacetyl.

C7 Carbonates

In one embodiment, R₇ is R_(7a)OCOO— wherein R_(7a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In a preferred embodiment, R_(7a) is methyl, ethyl, straight, branched or cyclic propyl, straight, branched or cyclic butyl, straight, branched or cyclic hexyl, straight or branched propenyl, isobutenyl, furyl or thienyl. In another embodiment, R_(7a) is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), substituted propenyl (straight or branched), substituted isobutenyl, substituted furyl or substituted thienyl wherein the substituent(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is carbonate;

R₁₀ is hydroxy;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo, wherein alkyl comprises at least two carbon atoms;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R₇ may be R_(7a)OCOO— wherein R_(7a) is substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl or propyl, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, and still more preferably unsubstituted methyl or ethyl. While R_(7a) is selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(7a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(7a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R_(7a) is unsubstituted methyl, ethyl or propyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl.

Among the preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)OCOO— wherein R_(7a) is methyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)OCOO— wherein R_(7a) is ethyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)OCOO— wherein R_(7a) is propyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

C7 Ester

In one embodiment, R₇ is R_(7a)COO— wherein R₇a is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In a preferred embodiment, R_(7a) is ethyl, straight, branched or cyclic propyl, straight, branched or cyclic butyl, straight, branched or cyclic pentyl, straight, branched or cyclic hexyl, straight or branched propenyl, isobutenyl, furyl or thienyl. In another embodiment, R_(7a) is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl (straight, branched or cyclic), substituted propenyl (straight or branched), substituted isobutenyl, substituted furyl or substituted thienyl wherein the substituent(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to the following structural formula (2):

wherein

R₇ is R_(7a)COO—;

R₁₀ is hydroxy;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀;

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo;

R_(7a) is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo wherein said hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl contains carbon atoms in the alpha and beta positions relative to the carbon of which R_(a) is a substituent;

Bz is benzoyl; and

Ac is acetyl.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R_(7a) may be substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, propyl or butyl, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted ethyl or propyl, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, and still more preferably unsubstituted ethyl. While R_(7a) is selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(7a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(7a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R_(7a) is unsubstituted ethyl or propyl, more preferably ethyl.

Among the preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)COO— wherein R_(7a) is ethyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)COO— wherein R_(7a) is propyl. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

C7 Carbamates

In one embodiment, R₇ is R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein R_(7a) and R_(7b) are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo. Exemplary preferred R₇ substituents include R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein (a) R_(7a) and R_(7b) are each hydrogen, (b) one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, or (c) R_(7a) and R₇b are independently (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, preferred R₇ substituents include R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is carbamoyloxy;

R₁₀ is hydroxy;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R₇ may be R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) phenyl or substituted phenyl such as nitro, alkoxy or halosubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, preferred R₇ substituents include R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl. In another embodiment, preferred R₇ substituents include R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo. While R_(7a) and R_(7b) are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(7a), R_(7b), and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(7a), R_(7b), and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R₇ is R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO—, one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl, phenyl or heterocyclo.

Among the preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein R_(7a) is methyl and R_(7b) is hydrido. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

Also among the preferred embodiments are taxanes corresponding to structure 1 or 2 wherein R₇ is R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein R_(7a) is ethyl and R_(7b) is hydrido. In this embodiment, X₃ is preferably cycloalkyl, isobutenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, or heterocyclo, more preferably heterocyclo, still more preferably furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; and X₅ is preferably benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl. In one alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is keto and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is hydroxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydroxy. In another alternative of this embodiment, X₃ is heterocyclo; X₅ is benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclocarbonyl, more preferably benzoyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or t-amyloxycarbonyl, still more preferably t-butoxycarbonyl; R₂ is benzoyl, R₉ is acyloxy and R₁₄ is hydrido. In each of the alternatives of this embodiment when the taxane has structure 1, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the beta stereochemical configuration, R₇ and R₁₀ may each have the alpha stereochemical configuration, R₇ may have the alpha stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the beta stereochemical configuration or R₇ may have the beta stereochemical configuration while R₁₀ has the alpha stereochemical configuration.

C7 Heterosubstituted Acetates

In one embodiment, R₇ is R_(7a)C(O)O— wherein R_(7a) is heterosubstituted methyl, said heterosubstituted methyl moiety lacking a carbon atom which is in the beta position relative to the carbon atom of which R_(7a) is a substituent. The heterosubstituted methyl is covalently bonded to at least one heteroatom and optionally with hydrogen, the heteroatom being, for example, a nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atom. The heteroatom may, in turn, be substituted with other atoms to form a heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters or ether moiety. Exemplary R₇ substituents include R_(7a)COO— wherein R_(7a) is chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, or methylthiomethyl.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, and R₇ is R_(7a)C(O)O— wherein R_(7a) is alkoxymethyl, preferably methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl. In another embodiment of the present invention the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, and R₇ is R_(7a)C(O)O— wherein R_(7a) is acyloxymethyl, preferably acetoxymethyl.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, R₇ is R_(7a)C(O)O— wherein R_(7a) is alkoxymethyl such as methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl, or aryloxymethyl such as phenoxymethyl, and X₃ is heterocyclo. In another embodiment of the present invention the taxane corresponds to structure 1, X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl or —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is t-butoxycarbonyl, and R₇ is R_(7a)C(O)O— wherein R_(7a) is acyloxymethyl, preferably acetoxymethyl, and X₃ is heterocyclo.

In one preferred embodiment, the taxanes of the present invention correspond to structure (2):

wherein

R₇ is heterosubstituted acetate;

R₁₀ is hydroxy;

X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heterocyclo;

X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; and

X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo.

For example, in this preferred embodiment in which the taxane corresponds to structure (2), R₇ may be R_(7a)COO— wherein R_(7a) is heterosubstituted methyl, more preferably heterosubstituted methyl wherein the heterosubsituents are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atoms, still more preferably heterosubstituted methyl wherein the heterosubstituent is alkoxy or acyloxy. While R_(7a) is selected from among these, in one embodiment X₃ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, still more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heterocyclo, and still more preferably heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl or pyridyl. While R_(7a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl. Alternatively, while R_(7a) and X₃ are selected from among these, in one embodiment X₅ is selected from —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, alkyl or heterocyclo, more preferably phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is alkyl, preferably t-butyl. Among the more preferred embodiments, therefore, are taxanes corresponding to structure (2) in which (i) X₅ is —COOX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is tert-butyl or X₅ is —COX₁₀ wherein X₁₀ is phenyl, (ii) X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or heterocyclo, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted isobutenyl, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, still more preferably unsubstituted isobutenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl, and (iii) R₇ is alkoxyacetyl or acyloxyacetyl.

Taxanes having the general formula 1 may be obtained by treatment of a β-lactam with an alkoxide having the taxane tetracyclic nucleus and a C-13 metallic oxide substituent to form compounds having a β-amido ester substituent at C(13), as described more fully in Holton U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,834, followed by removal of the hydroxy protecting groups.

Taxanes having C(10) carbonates may be prepared from 10-deacetylbaccatin III by selective formation of a carbonate of the C-10 hydroxyl group and then protection of the C-7 hydroxyl group (as described more fully in Holton et al., PCT Patent Application WO 99/09021, followed by treatment with a metallic amide. Acylating agents which may be used for the selective acylation of the C(10) hydroxyl group of a taxane include dimethyldicarbonate, diethyldicarbonate, di-t-butyldicarbonate, dibenzyldicarbonate and the like. While the acylation of the C(10) hydroxy group of the taxane will proceed at an adequate rate for many acylating agents, it has been discovered that the reaction rate may be increased by including a Lewis acid in the reaction mixture. Preferred Lewis acids include zinc chloride, stannic chloride, cerium trichloride, cuprous chloride, lanthanum trichloride, dysprosium trichloride, and ytterbium trichloride. Zinc chloride or cerium trichloride is particularly preferred when the acylating agent is a dicarbonate.

Taxanes having C(10) esters may be prepared from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (or a derivative thereof) by selective protection of the C(7) hydroxyl group and then esterification of the C(10) hydroxyl group followed by treatment with a metallic amide. The C(7) hydroxyl group of 10-deacetylbaccatin III, for example, may be selectively protected with a silyl group as described, for example, by Denis, et. al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 5917). In general, the silylating agents may be used either alone or in combination with a catalytic amount of a base such as an alkali metal base.

Taxanes having C(10) carbamates may be prepared from 10-deacetylbaccatin III by protecting the C-7 and C-10 hydroxyl groups of a taxane (as described more fully in Holton et al., PCT Patent Application WO 99/09021), coupling the protected alkoxide with the β-lactam, selectively removing the C(7) and C(10) hydroxy protecting groups, and treating this product with an isocyanate in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Taxanes having C(7) carbonates may be prepared from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (or a derivative thereof) by selective protection of the C-10 hydroxyl group and then acylation of the C-7 hydroxyl group followed by treatment with a metallic amide. The C(10) hydroxyl group of 10-deacetylbaccatin III is then selectively protected with a silyl group using, for example, a silylamide or bissilyamide as a silylating agent. Selective acylation of the C(7) hydroxyl group of a C(10) protected taxane to form a C(7) carbonate can be achieved using any of a variety of common acylating agents such as a haloformates.

Taxanes having C(7) carbamates may be obtained by treatment of a β-lactam with an alkoxide having the taxane tetracyclic nucleus and a C-13 metallic oxide substituent to form compounds having a β-amido ester substituent at C(1 3), as described more fully in Holton U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,834, followed by reaction with an isocyanate or a carbamoyl chloride, and removal of the hydroxy protecting groups.

Taxanes having C(7) esters may be prepared from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (or a derivative thereof) by selective protection of the C-10 hydroxyl group and then esterification of the C-7 hydroxyl group followed by treatment with a metallic amide. The C(10) hydroxyl group of 10-deacetylbaccatin III may be selectively protected with a silyl group using, for example, a silylamide or bissilyamide as a silylating agent. Selective esterification of the C(7) hydroxyl group of a C(10) protected taxane can be achieved using any of a variety of common acylating agents including, but not limited to, substituted and unsubstituted carboxylic acid derivatives, e.g., carboxylic acid halides, anhydrides, dicarbonates, isocyanates and haloformates.

Derivatives of 10-deacetylbaccatin III having alternative substituents at C(2), C(9) and C(14) and processes for their preparation are known in the art. Taxane derivatives having acyloxy substituents other than benzoyloxy at C(2) may be prepared, for example, as described in Holton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,728,725 or Kingston et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,002,023. Taxanes having acyloxy or hydroxy substituents at C(9) in place of keto may be prepared, for example as described in Holton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,056 or Gunawardana et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,806. Taxanes having a beta hydroxy substituent at C(14) may be prepared from naturally occurring 14-hydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III.

Processes for the preparation and resolution of the β-lactam starting material are generally well known. For example, the β-lactam may be prepared as described in Holton, U.S. Pat. No. 5,430,160 and the resulting enatiomeric mixtures of β-lactams may be resolved by a stereoselective hydrolysis using a lipase or enzyme as described, for example, in Patel, U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,929 Patel U.S. Pat. No. 5,567,614 or a liver homogenate as described, for example, in PCT Patent Application No. 00/41204.

Compounds of formula 1 of the instant invention are useful for inhibiting tumor growth in mammals including humans and are preferably administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective antitumor amount of a compound of the instant invention in combination with at least one pharmaceutically or pharmacologically acceptable carrier. The carrier, also known in the art as an excipient, vehicle, auxiliary, adjuvant, or diluent, is any substance which is pharmaceutically inert, confers a suitable consistency or form to the composition, and does not diminish the therapeutic efficacy of the antitumor compounds. The carrier is “pharmaceutically or pharmacologically acceptable” if it does not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to a mammal or human, as appropriate.

The pharmaceutical compositions containing the antitumor compounds of the present invention may be formulated in any conventional manner. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. The compositions of the invention can be formulated for any route of administration so long as the target tissue is available via that route. Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, intracapsular, intraspinal, intraperitoneal, or intrasternal), topical (nasal, transdermal, intraocular), intravesical, intrathecal, enteral, pulmonary, intralymphatic, intracavital, vaginal, transurethral, intradermal, aural, intramammary, buccal, orthotopic, intratracheal, intralesional, percutaneous, endoscopical, transmucosal, sublingual and intestinal administration.

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for use in the compositions of the present invention are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and are selected based upon a number of factors: the particular antitumor compound used, and its concentration, stability and intended bioavailability; the disease, disorder or condition being treated with the composition; the subject, its age, size and general condition; and the route of administration. Suitable carriers are readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art (see, for example, J. G. Nairn, in: Remington's Pharmaceutical Science (A. Gennaro, ed.), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., (1985), pp. 1492-1517, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference).

The compositions are preferably formulated as tablets, dispersible powders, pills, capsules, gelcaps, caplets, gels, liposomes, granules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, troches, dragees, lozenges, or any other dosage form which can be administered orally. Techniques and compositions for making oral dosage forms useful in the present invention are described in the following references: 7 Modern Pharmaceutics, Chapters 9 and 10 (Banker & Rhodes, Editors, 1979); Lieberman et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets (1981); and Ansel, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms 2nd Edition (1976).

The compositions of the invention for oral administration comprise an effective antitumor amount of a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Suitable carriers for solid dosage forms include sugars, starches, and other conventional substances including lactose, talc, sucrose, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, agar, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, kaolin, alginic acid, acacia, corn starch, potato starch, sodium saccharin, magnesium carbonate, tragacanth, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, talc, magnesium stearate, and stearic acid. Further, such solid dosage forms may be uncoated or may be coated by known techniques; e.g., to delay disintegration and absorption.

The antitumor compounds of the present invention are also preferably formulated for parenteral administration, e.g., formulated for injection via intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, intracapsular, intraspinal, intraperitoneal, or intrasternal routes. The compositions of the invention for parenteral administration comprise an effective antitumor amount of the antitumor compound in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration include solutions, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions or any other dosage form which can be administered parenterally. Techniques and compositions for making parenteral dosage forms are known in the art.

Suitable carriers used in formulating liquid dosage forms for oral or parenteral administration include nonaqueous, pharmaceutically-acceptable polar solvents such as oils, alcohols, amides, esters, ethers, ketones, hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, as well as water, saline solutions, dextrose solutions (e.g., DW5), electrolyte solutions, or any other aqueous, pharmaceutically acceptable liquid.

Suitable nonaqueous, pharmaceutically-acceptable polar solvents include, but are not limited to, alcohols (e.g., α-glycerol formal, β-glycerol formal, 1,3-butyleneglycol, aliphatic or aromatic alcohols having 2-30 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol, hexanol, octanol, amylene hydrate, benzyl alcohol, glycerin (glycerol), glycol, hexylene glycol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, or stearyl alcohol, fatty acid esters of fatty alcohols such as polyalkylene glycols (e.g., polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), sorbitan, sucrose and cholesterol); amides (e.g., dimethylacetamide (DMA), benzyl benzoate DMA, dimethylformamide, N-(β-hydroxyethyl)-lactamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide amides, 2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, or polyvinylpyrrolidone); esters (e.g., 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, acetate esters such as monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin, aliphatic or aromatic esters such as ethyl caprylate or octanoate, alkyl oleate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), esters of glycerin such as mono, di, or tri-glyceryl citrates or tartrates, ethyl benzoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl carbonate, ethyl lactate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters of sorbitan, fatty acid derived PEG esters, glyceryl monostearate, glyceride esters such as mono, di, or tri-glycerides, fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristrate, fatty acid derived PEG esters such as PEG-hydroxyoleate and PEG-hydroxystearate, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, pluronic 60, polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleic polyesters such as poly(ethoxylated)₃₀₋₆₀ sorbitol poly(oleate)₂₋₄, poly(oxyethylene)₁₅₋₂₀ monooleate, poly(oxyethylene)₁₅₋₂₀ mono 12-hydroxystearate, and poly(oxyethylene)₁₅₋₂₀ mono ricinoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters such as polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monostearate, and Polysorbate® 20, 40, 60 or 80 from ICI Americas, Wilmington, Del., polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyleneoxy modified fatty acid esters such as polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil and polyoxyethylated castor oils (e.g., Cremophor® EL solution or Cremophor® RH 40 solution), saccharide fatty acid esters (i.e., the condensation product of a monosaccharide (e.g., pentoses such as ribose, ribulose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and xylulose, hexoses such as glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose and sorbose, trioses, tetroses, heptoses, and octoses), disaccharide (e.g., sucrose, maltose, lactose and trehalose) or oligosaccharide or mixture thereof with a C₄-C₂₂ fatty acid(s)(e.g., saturated fatty acids such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid and linoleic acid)), or steroidal esters); alkyl, aryl, or cyclic ethers having 2-30 carbon atoms (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl isosorbide, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether); glycofurol (tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol polyethylene glycol ether); ketones having 3-30 carbon atoms (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone); aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons having 4-30 carbon atoms (e.g., benzene, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, dioxolanes, hexane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-hexane, sulfolane, tetramethylenesulfon, tetramethylenesulfoxide, toluene, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or tetramethylenesulfoxide); oils of mineral, vegetable, animal, essential or synthetic origin (e.g., mineral oils such as aliphatic or wax-based hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, mixed aliphatic and aromatic based hydrocarbons, and refined paraffin oil, vegetable oils such as linseed, tung, safflower, soybean, castor, cottonseed, groundnut, rapeseed, coconut, palm, olive, corn, corn germ, sesame, persic and peanut oil and glycerides such as mono-, di- or triglycerides, animal oils such as fish, marine, sperm, cod-liver, haliver, squalene, squalane, and shark liver oil, oleic oils, and polyoxyethylated castor oil); alkyl or aryl halides having 1-30 carbon atoms and optionally more than one halogen substituent; methylene chloride; monoethanolamine; petroleum benzin; trolamine; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid); polyglycol ester of 12-hydroxystearic acid and polyethylene glycol (Solutol® HS-15, from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany); polyoxyethylene glycerol; sodium laurate; sodium oleate; or sorbitan monooleate.

Other pharmaceutically acceptable solvents for use in the invention are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are identified in The Chemotherapy Source Book (Williams & Wilkens Publishing), The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, (American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, D.C., and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London, England, 1968), Modern Pharmaceutics, (G. Banker et al., eds., 3d ed.)(Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1995), The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, (Goodman & Gilman, McGraw Hill Publishing), Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, (H. Lieberman et al., eds., )(Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1980), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (A. Gennaro, ed., 19th ed.)(Mack Publishing, Easton, Pa., 1995), The United States Pharmacopeia 24, The National Formulary 19, (National Publishing, Philadelphia, Pa., 2000), A. J. Spiegel et al., and Use of Nonaqueous Solvents in Parenteral Products, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 52, No.10, pp. 917-927 (1963).

Preferred solvents include those known to stabilize the antitumor compounds, such as oils rich in triglycerides, for example, safflower oil, soybean oil or mixtures thereof, and alkyleneoxy modified fatty acid esters such as polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil and polyoxyethylated castor oils (e.g., Cremophor® EL solution or Cremophor® RH 40 solution). Commercially available triglycerides include Intralipid® emulsified soybean oil (Kabi-Pharmacia Inc., Stockholm, Sweden), Nutralipid ® emulsion (McGaw, Irvine, Calif.), Liposyn® II 20% emulsion (a 20% fat emulsion solution containing 100 mg safflower oil, 100 mg soybean oil, 12 mg egg phosphatides, and 25 mg glycerin per ml of solution; Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Ill.), Liposyn(® III 2% emulsion (a 2% fat emulsion solution containing 100 mg safflower oil, 100 mg soybean oil, 12 mg egg phosphatides, and 25 mg glycerin per ml of solution; Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Ill.), natural or synthetic glycerol derivatives containing the docosahexaenoyl group at levels between 25% and 100% by weight based on the total fatty acid content (Dhasco® (from Martek Biosciences Corp., Columbia, Md.), DHA Maguro® (from Daito Enterprises, Los Angeles, Calif.), Soyacal®, and Travemulsion®. Ethanol is a preferred solvent for use in dissolving the antitumor compound to form solutions, emulsions, and the like.

Additional minor components can be included in the compositions of the invention for a variety of purposes well known in the pharmaceutical industry. These components will for the most part impart properties which enhance retention of the antitumor compound at the site of administration, protect the stability of the composition, control the pH, facilitate processing of the antitumor compound into pharmaceutical formulations, and the like. Preferably, each of these components is individually present in less than about 15 weight % of the total composition, more preferably less than about 5 weight %, and most preferably less than about 0.5 weight % of the total composition. Some components, such as fillers or diluents, can constitute up to 90 wt. % of the total composition, as is well known in the formulation art. Such additives include cryoprotective agents for preventing reprecipitation of the taxane, surface active, wetting or emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin, polysorbate-80, Tween® 80, pluronic 60, polyoxyethylene stearate ), preservatives (e.g., ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate), microbial preservatives (e.g., benzyl alcohol, phenol, m-cresol, chlorobutanol, sorbic acid, thimerosal and paraben), agents for adjusting pH or buffering agents (e.g., acids, bases, sodium acetate, sorbitan monolaurate), agents for adjusting osmolarity (e.g., glycerin), thickeners (e.g., aluminum monostearate, stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, guar gum, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, tristearin, cetyl wax esters, polyethylene glycol), colorants, dyes, flow aids, non-volatile silicones (e.g., cyclomethicone), clays (e.g., bentonites), adhesives, bulking agents, flavorings, sweeteners, adsorbents, fillers (e.g., sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol, cellulose, or calcium phosphate), diluents (e.g., water, saline, electrolyte solutions), binders (e.g., starches such as maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, or potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sugars, polymers, acacia), disintegrating agents (e.g., starches such as maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, or carboxymethyl starch, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate, croscarmellose sodium or crospovidone), lubricants (e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof such as magnesium stearate, or polyethylene glycol), coating agents (e.g., concentrated sugar solutions including gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, or titanium dioxide), and antioxidants (e.g., sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, dextrose, phenols, and thiophenols).

In a preferred embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises at least one nonaqueous, pharmaceutically acceptable solvent and an antitumor compound having a solubility in ethanol of at least about 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 or 800 mg/ml. While not being bound to a particular theory, it is believed that the ethanol solubility of the antitumor compound may be directly related to its efficacy. The antitumor compound can also be capable of being crystallized from a solution. In other words, a crystalline antitumor compound, such as compound 1393, can be dissolved in a solvent to form a solution and then recrystallized upon evaporation of the solvent without the formation of any amorphous antitumor compound. It is also preferred that the antitumor compound have an ID50 value (i.e, the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) of at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 times less that of paclitaxel when measured according to the protocol set forth in the working examples.

Dosage form administration by these routes may be continuous or intermittent, depending, for example, upon the patient's physiological condition, whether the purpose of the administration is therapeutic or prophylactic, and other factors known to and assessable by a skilled practitioner.

Dosage and regimens for the administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be readily determined by those with ordinary skill in treating cancer. It is understood that the dosage of the antitumor compounds will be dependent upon the age, sex, health, and weight of the recipient, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired. For any mode of administration, the actual amount of antitumor compound delivered, as well as the dosing schedule necessary to achieve the advantageous effects described herein, will also depend, in part, on such factors as the bioavailability of the antitumor compound, the disorder being treated, the desired therapeutic dose, and other factors that will be apparent to those of skill in the art. The dose administered to an animal, particularly a human, in the context of the present invention should be sufficient to effect the desired therapeutic response in the animal over a reasonable period of time. Preferably, an effective amount of the antitumor compound, whether administered orally or by another route, is any amount which would result in a desired therapeutic response when administered by that route. Preferably, the compositions for oral administration are prepared in such a way that a single dose in one or more oral preparations contains at least 20 mg of the antitumor compound per m² of patient body surface area, or at least 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg of the antitumor compound per m² of patient body surface area, wherein the average body surface area for a human is 1.8 m². Preferably, a single dose of a composition for oral administration contains from about 20 to about 600 mg of the antitumor compound per m² of patient body surface area, more preferably from about 25 to about 400 mg/m² even more preferably, from about 40 to about 300 mg/m², and even more preferably from about 50 to about 200 mg/m². Preferably, the compositions for parenteral administration are prepared in such a way that a single dose contains at least 20 mg of the antitumor compound per m² of patient body surface area, or at least 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg of the antitumor compound per m² of patient body surface area. Preferably, a single dose in one or more parenteral preparations contains from about 20 to about 500 mg of the antitumor compound per m² of patient body surface area, more preferably from about 40 to about 400 mg/m² and even more preferably, from about 60 to about 350 mg/m². However, the dosage may vary depending on the dosing schedule which can be adjusted as necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. It should be noted that the ranges of effective doses provided herein are not intended to limit the invention and represent preferred dose ranges. The most preferred dosage will be tailored to the individual subject, as is understood and determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation.

The concentration of the antitumor compound in a liquid pharmaceutical composition is preferably between about 0.01 mg and about 10 mg per ml of the composition, more preferably between about 0.1 mg and about 7 mg per ml, even more preferably between about 0.5 mg and about 5 mg per ml, and most preferably between about 1.5 mg and about 4 mg per ml. Relatively low concentrations are generally preferred because the antitumor compound is most soluble in the solution at low concentrations. The concentration of the antitumor compound in a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration is preferably between about 5 weight % and about 50 weight %, based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably between about 8 weight % and about 40 weight %, and most preferably between about 10 weight % and about 30 weight %.

In one embodiment, solutions for oral administration are prepared by dissolving an antitumor compound in any pharmaceutically acceptable solvent capable of dissolving the compound (e.g., ethanol or methylene chloride) to form a solution. An appropriate volume of a carrier which is a solution, such as Cremophor® EL solution, is added to the solution while stirring to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for oral administration to a patient. If desired, such solutions can be formulated to contain a minimal amount of, or to be free of, ethanol, which is known in the art to cause adverse physiological effects when administered at certain concentrations in oral formulations.

In another embodiment, powders or tablets for oral administration are prepared by dissolving an antitumor compound in any pharmaceutically acceptable solvent capable of dissolving the compound (e.g.,ethanol or methylene chloride) to form a solution. The solvent can optionally be capable of evaporating when the solution is dried under vacuum. An additional carrier can be added to the solution prior to drying, such as Cremophor® EL solution. The resulting solution is dried under vacuum to form a glass. The glass is then mixed with a binder to form a powder. The powder can be mixed with fillers or other conventional tabletting agents and processed to form a tablet for oral administration to a patient. The powder can also be added to any liquid carrier as described above to form a solution, emulsion, suspension or the like for oral administration.

Emulsions for parenteral administration can be prepared by dissolving an antitumor compound in any pharmaceutically acceptable solvent capable of dissolving the compound (e.g., ethanol or methylene chloride) to form a solution. An appropriate volume of a carrier which is an emulsion, such as Liposyn® II or Liposyn® III emulsion, is added to the solution while stirring to form a pharmaceutically acceptable emulsion for parenteral administration to a patient. If desired, such emulsions can be formulated to contain a minimal amount of, or to be free of, ethanol or Cremophor® solution, which are known in the art to cause adverse physiological effects when administered at certain concentrations in parenteral formulations.

Solutions for parenteral administration can be prepared by dissolving an antitumor compound in any pharmaceutically acceptable solvent capable of dissolving the compound (e.g., ethanol or methylene chloride) to form a solution. An appropriate volume of a carrier which is a solution, such as Cremophor® solution, is added to the solution while stirring to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for parenteral administration to a patient. If desired, such solutions can be formulated to contain a minimal amount of, or to be free of, ethanol or Cremophor® solution, which are known in the art to cause adverse physiological effects when administered at certain concentrations in parenteral formulations.

If desired, the emulsions or solutions described above for oral or parenteral administration can be packaged in IV bags, vials or other conventional containers in concentrated form and diluted with any pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, such as saline, to form an acceptable taxane concentration prior to use as is known in the art.

Definitions The terms “hydrocarbon” and “hydrocarbyl” as used herein describe organic compounds or radicals consisting exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen. These moieties include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Unless otherwise indicated, these moieties preferably comprise 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

The “substituted hydrocarbyl” moieties described herein are hydrocarbyl moieties which are substituted with at least one atom other than carbon, including moieties in which a carbon chain atom is substituted with a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or a halogen atom. These substituents include halogen, heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, nitro, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters and ethers.

The term “heteroatom” shall mean atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

The “heterosubstituted methyl” moieties described herein are methyl groups in which the carbon atom is covalently bonded to at least one heteroatom and optionally with hydrogen, the heteroatom being, for example, a nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atom. The heteroatom may, in turn, be substituted with other atoms to form a heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters or ether moiety.

The “heterosubstituted acetate” moieties described herein are acetate groups in which the carbon of the methyl group is covalently bonded to at least one heteroatom and optionally with hydrogen, the heteroatom being, for example, a nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atom. The heteroatom may, in turn, be substituted with other atoms to form a heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters or ether moiety.

Unless otherwise indicated, the alkyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkyl containing from one to eight carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl and the like.

Unless otherwise indicated, the alkenyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkenyl containing from two to eight carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, and the like.

Unless otherwise indicated, the alkynyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkynyl containing from two to eight carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain and include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, isobutynyl, hexynyl, and the like.

The terms “aryl” or “ar” as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted homocyclic aromatic groups, preferably monocyclic or bicyclic groups containing from 6 to 12 carbons in the ring portion, such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl, substituted biphenyl or substituted naphthyl. Phenyl and substituted phenyl are the more preferred aryl.

The terms “halogen” or “halo” as used herein alone or as part of another group refer to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine.

The terms “heterocyclo” or “heterocyclic” as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted, fully saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic groups having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring. The heterocyclo group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring, and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom. Exemplary heterocyclo include heteroaromatics such as furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl and the like. Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters and ethers.

The term “heteroaromatic” as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted aromatic groups having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring. The heteroaromatic group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring, and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom. Exemplary heteroaromatics include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl and the like. Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters and ethers.

The term “acyl,” as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes the moiety formed by removal of the hydroxyl group from the group —COOH of an organic carboxylic acid, e.g., RC(O)—, wherein R is R¹, R¹O—, R¹R²N—, or R¹S—, R¹ is hydrocarbyl, heterosubstituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo and R² is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl.

The term “acyloxy,” as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes an acyl group as described above bonded through an oxygen linkage (—O—), e.g., RC(O)O— wherein R is as defined in connection with the term “acyl.”

Unless otherwise indicated, the alkoxycarbonyloxy moieties described herein comprise lower hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon moieties.

Unless otherwise indicated, the carbamoyloxy moieties described herein are derivatives of carbamic acid in which one or both of the amine hydrogens is optionally replaced by a hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo moiety.

The terms “hydroxyl protecting group” and “hydroxy protecting group” as used herein denote a group capable of protecting a free hydroxyl group (“protected hydroxyl”) which, subsequent to the reaction for which protection is employed, may be removed without disturbing the remainder of the molecule. A variety of protecting groups for the hydroxyl group and the synthesis thereof may be found in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” by T. W. Greene, John Wiley and Sons, 1981, or Fieser & Fieser. Exemplary hydroxyl protecting groups include methoxymethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, benzyloxymethyl, (.beta.-trimethylsilylethoxy)methyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, t-butyl(diphenyl)silyl, trialkylsilyl, trichloromethoxycarbonyl and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl.

As used herein, “Ac” means acetyl; “Bz” means benzoyl; “Et” means ethyl; “Me” means methyl; “Ph” means phenyl; “Pr” means propyl; “iPr” means isopropyl; “Bu” means butyl; “Am” means amyl; “Cpro” means cyclopropyl; “tBu” and “t-Bu” means tert-butyl; “R” means lower alkyl unless otherwise defined; “Py” means pyridine or pyridyl; “TES” means triethylsilyl; “TMS” means trimethylsilyl; “LAH” means lithium aluminum hydride; “10-DAB” means 10-desacetylbaccatin III”; “amine protecting group” includes, but is not limited to, carbamates, for example, 2,2,2-trichloroethylcarbamate or tertbutylcarbamate; “protected hydroxy” means —OP wherein P is a hydroxy protecting group; “PhCO” means phenylcarbonyl; “tBuOCO” and “Boc” mean tert-butoxycarbonyl; “tAmOCO” means tert-amyloxycarbonyl; “2-FuCO” means 2-furylcarbonyl; “2-ThCO” means 2-thienylcarbonyl; “2-PyCO” means 2-pyridylcarbonyl; “3-PyCO” means 3-pyridylcarbonyl; “4-PyCO” means 4-pyridylcarbonyl; “C₄H₇CO” means butenylcarbonyl; “tC₃H₅CO” means trans-propenylcarbonyl; “EtOCO” means ethoxycarbonyl; “ibueCO” means isobutenylcarbonyl; “iBuCO” means isobutylcarbonyl; “iBuOCO” means isobutoxycarbonyl; “iPrOCO” means isopropyloxycarbonyl; “nPrOCO” means n-propyloxycarbonyl; “nPrCO” means n-propylcarbonyl; “ibue” means isobutenyl; “THF” means tetrahydrofuran; “DMAP” means 4-dimethylamino pyridine; “LHMDS” means Lithium HexamethylDiSilazanide.

The term “storage stable composition” as used herein is a composition which, after storage at room temperature for one year and dilution prior to use, is suitable for administration to a patient and is cytotoxically active.

The following examples illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Taxane having C-7 Ester and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

10-Triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a solution of 1.0 g (1.84 mmol) of 10-deacetyl baccatin III in 50 mL of THF at −10° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.857 mL (2.76 mmol, 1.5 mol equiv) of N,O-(bis)-TES-trifluoroacetamide over a period of 3 min. This was followed by the addition of 0.062 mL of a 0.89 M THF solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.055 mmol, 0.03 mol equiv). After 10 min 0.038 mL (0.92 mmol, 0.5 mol equiv) of methanol was added, and after an additional 5 min 4 mL (0.055 mmol, 0.03 mol equiv) of acetic acid was added. The solution was diluted with 300 mL of ethyl acetate and washed two times with 100 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The combined aqueous layers were extracted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was added 100 mL of hexane and the solid (1.23 g, 101%) was collected by filtration. Recrystallization of the solid by dissolving in boiling ethyl acetate (20 mL, 17 mL/g) and cooling to room temperature gave 1.132 g (94%) of a white solid. m.p. 242° C.; [α]_(D) ²⁵ −60.4 (c 0.7, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ (p.p.m): 8.10 (2H, d, Jm=7.5 Hz, Bzo), 7.60 (1H, t, Jm=7.5 Hz, Bzp), 7.47 (2H, t, Jo=7.5 Hz, Bzm), 5.64 (1H, d, J3=6.9 Hz, H2), 5.26 (1H, s, H10), 4.97 (1H, dd, J6β=2.2 Hz, J6α=9.9 Hz, H5), 4.85 (1H, dd, J14α=8.9 Hz, J14β=8.9 Hz, H13), 4.30 (1H, d, J20β=8.5 Hz, H20α), 4.23 (1H, ddd, J7OH=4.5 Hz, J6α=6.6 Hz, J6β=11.0 Hz, H7), 4.15 (1H, d, J20α=8.5 Hz, H20β), 4.00 (1H, d, J2=6.9 Hz, H3), 2.58 (1H, ddd, J7=6.6 Hz, J5=9.9 Hz, J6β=14.5 Hz, H6α), 2.28-2.25 (5H, m, 4 Ac, H14α, H14β), 2.02 (3H, s, 18 Me), 1.97 (1H, d, J7=4.5 Hz, H7OH), 1.78 (1H, ddd, J7=11.0 Hz, J5=2.2 Hz, J6α=14.5 Hz, H6β), 1.68 (3H, s, 19 Me), 1.56 (1H, S, OH1), 1.32 (1H, d, J13=8.8 Hz, OH13 ), 1.18 (3H, s, 17 Me), 1.06 (3H, s, 16 Me), 0.98 (9H, t, JCH₂(TES)=7.3 Hz, CH₃(TES)), 0.65 (6H, dq, JCH₃(TES)=7.3 Hz, CH₂(TES)).

10-Triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl-7-propionyl baccatin III.

To a solution of 1.0 g (1.517 mmol) of 10-triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III and 37.0 mg (0.303 mmol) of DMAP in 20 mL of dichloromethane at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.920 mL (11.381 mmol) of pyridine and 0.329 mL (3.794 mmol, 2.5 mol equiv) of propionyl chloride in that order. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, diluted with 350 mL of ethyl acetate and extracted with 50 mL of 10% aqueous copper sulfate solution. The organic layer was washed with 50 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, 50 mL of brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in 75 mL of ethyl acetate, 100 mg of Norit A was added, the mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1.13 g of material. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexanes (dissolved in 6.5 mL of refluxing ethyl acetate, then 24 mL of hexanes added, allowed to cool to room temperature, and left to stand for 17 h) afforded 787 mg (72.5%) of a white crystalline solid. A second recrystallization (ca 340 mg material dissolved in 2 mL of refluxing ethyl acetate, then 10 mL of hexanes added, allowed to cool to room temperature, and allowed to stand for 17 h) afforded 181 mg (16.7%) of a white crystalline solid. The combined yield after recrystallization was 89.2%. m.p. 129° C.; [α]_(D) ²⁵ −47.9 (c 1.0, CHCl₃); NMR ¹H (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ (ppm): 8.10 (2H, d, Jm=7.4 Hz, Bzo), 7.60 (1H, t, Jm=7.4 Hz, Bzp), 7.48 (2H, dd, Jo=7.4 Hz, Jp=7.4 Hz, Bzm), 5.64 (1H, d, J3=7.4 Hz, H2), 5.47 (1H, dd, J6α=7.4 Hz, J6β=10.1 Hz, H7), 5.28 (1H, s, H10), 4.94 (1H, d, J6α=9.4 Hz, H5), 4.80-4.90 (1H, m, H13), 4.31 (1H, d, J20β=8.1 Hz, H20α), 4.16 (1H, d, J20α=8.1 Hz, H20β), 4.06 (1H, d, J2=7.4 Hz, H3), 2.55 (1H, ddd, J7=7.4 Hz, J5 =9.4 Hz, J6β=14.8 Hz, H6α), 2.28 (3H, s, 4 Ac), 2.23-2.32 (4H, m, 7CH2, H14α, H14β), 2.07 (3H, s, 18 Me), 2.02 (1H, d, J13=4.7 Hz, OH13),1.76-1.87 (4H, m, H6β, 19 Me), 1.60 (1H, s, OH1), 1.17 (3H, s, 17 Me), 1.09 (3H, t, J7CH₂=7.4 Hz, 7CH₃), 1.04 (3H, s, 16 Me), 0.96 (9H, t, JCH₂(TES)=8.0 Hz, CH₃(TES)), 0.52-0.62 (6H, m, CH₂(TES)).

2′-O-MOP-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-10-triethylsilyl-7-propionyl taxotere.

To a solution of 493 mg (0.690 mmol) of 10-triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl-7-propionyl baccatin III in 4 mL of anhydrous THF under a nitrogen atmosphere at −45 ° C. was added 0.72 mL (0.72 mmol) of a 1M solution of LiHMDS in THF. After 0.5 h a solution of 263 mg (0.814 mmol) of the b-Lactam (predried as described above) in 2 mL of anhydrous THF was added. The mixture was warmed to 0° C., and after 2 h 0.5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added. The mixture was diluted with 50 ml of ethyl acetate and washed two times with 5 mL of brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 742 mg (104%) of a slightly yellow solid. The solid was recrystallized by dissolving it in 12 mL of a 1:5 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane at reflux and then cooling to room temperature to give 627 mg (88%) of a white crystalline solid. Evaporation of the mother liquor gave 96 mg of material which was recrystallized as above from 2 mL of a 1:5 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane to give an additional 46 mg (6%) of white crystalline solid. The total yield from recrystallization was 94%. Evaporation of the mother liquor gave 46 mg of material which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give an additional 20 mg (3%) of product. m.p. 207-209° C.; [a]_(D) ²⁵ −30.0 (c 5.0, methanol); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) d (ppm): 8.09-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dd, J=3.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=3.2 Hz), 6.14 (dd, J=8.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (dd, J=10.0, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.30-5.36 (m, 2H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 4.95 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 4.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4,19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.55 (ddd, J=17.2, 9.6, 7.6, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.28 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.84 (ddd, J=14.8, 10.8, 2 Hz), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 1H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 3H), 1.20 (s, 3H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.09 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.93-0.99 (m, 9H), 0.50-0.65 (m, 6H).

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-propionyl taxotere. (1393)

To a solution of 206 mg (0.199 mmol) of 2′-O-MOP-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-10-triethylsilyl-7-propionyl taxotere in 1.7 mL of pyridine and 5.4 mL of acetonitrile at 0° C. was added 0.80 mL (2.0 mmol) of an aqueous solution containing 49% HF. The mixture was warmed to room temperature for 14 h and was then diluted with 20 mL of ethyl acetate and washed three times with 2 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and then with 8 mL of brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 170 mg (100%) of a white solid. The crude product was crystallized with 2 mL of solvent (CH₂Cl₂:hexane=1:1.7) to give 155 mg (90.5%) of white crystals. Concentration of the mother liquor under reduced pressure gave 15 mg of material which was recrystallized using 0.2 mL of a 1:1.7 mixture of methylene chloride and hexane to give an additional 11 mg (7.5%) of white crystals. The total yield from recrystallization was 98%. m.p. 150-152° C.; [a]_(D) ²⁵ −27.0 (c 5.0, methanol); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₅NO₁₆0.5H₂O: C, 61.18; H, 6.48. Found: C, 61.40; H, 6.65. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) d (ppm): 8.11 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (dd, J=7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.0, 7.5 Hz 2H), 7.41 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (dd, J=3.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J=3.5 Hz), 6.22 (dd, J=9.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (dd, J=11.0, 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.35 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.33 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (dd, J=5.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4,21 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.30 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.54 (ddd, J=16.5, 9.5, 7.0, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.37 (dd, J=15.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (dd, J=17.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.93 (ddd, J=14.5, 11.0, 2.5 Hz), 1.85 (s, 3H), 1.64 (s, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.23 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 2 Additional Taxanes having C-7 Ester and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 1 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 1 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (3) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table.

(3)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₇ 1351 tBuOCO— ibue EtCOO— 1364 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 1372 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 1386 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 1393 tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 1401 tBuOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 1481 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 1424 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 1434 tBuOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 1447 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 1458 tBuOCO— phenyl EtCOO— 3069 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3082 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3171 nPrCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3196 iBuOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3232 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3327 nPrCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3388 PhCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 3444 iPrOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3479 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3555 C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3560 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3611 EtOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3629 2-FuCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3632 2-ThCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3708 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3713 C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 4017 PhCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 4044 EtOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 4106 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 4135 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4175 PhCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4219 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4256 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4283 ibueCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4290 ibuOCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4312 ibueCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4388 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4394 tBuOCO— 3-furyl PrCOO— 4406 tBuOCO— isobutenyl PrCOO— 4446 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl PrCOO— 4499 tBuOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 4544 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 4600 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl PrCOO— 4616 iBuOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 4737 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 4757 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 6171 ibueOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 6131 ibueOCO— 2-furyl iBuCOO— 5989 ibueOCO— 2-furyl iPrCOO— 6141 ibueOCO— 2-furyl nBuCOO— 6181 ibueOCO— 2-furyl nPrCOO— 6040 ibuOCO— 2-furyl ibueCOO— 6121 iPrCO— 2-furyl iPrCOO— 6424 tAmOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 6212 tAmOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 6282 tAmOCO— 2-furyl iBuCOO— 6252 tAmOCO— 2-furyl iPrCOO— 6343 tAmOCO— 2-furyl nBuCOO— 6272 tAmOCO— 2-furyl nPrCOO— 6202 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl iPrCOO— 4454 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl nPrCOO— 4414 PhCO— 2-thienyl nPrCOO— 6333 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl iPrCOO— 6686 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl tC₃H₅COO— 6363 tBuOCO— 2-thiazo EtCOO— 4787 iBuOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 4828 iBuOCO— 3-furyl nPrCOO— 4898 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 4939 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl nPrCOO— 5020 tC₃H₅CO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 5030 tC₃H₅CO— 3-thienyl nPrCOO— 5191 iBuOCO— cpro EtCOO— 5202 iBuOCO— cpro nPrCOO— 5070 tButOCO— cpro EtCOO— 5080 tBuOCO— cpro nPrCOO— 5121 iBuOCO— ibue EtCOO— 5131 iBuOCO— ibue nPrCOO—

EXAMPLE 3 Additional Taxanes having C-7 Ester and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 1 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (4) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(a)COO— and R_(a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(4)

X₅ X₃ R₇ tBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl phenyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 3PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— cycobutyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl EtCOO— benzoyl 2-thienyl EtCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl EtCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl EtCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl EtCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl EtCOO— benzoyl isopropyl EtCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl EtCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl EtCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl EtCOO— benzoyl phenyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl EtCOO— 3PyCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— EtOCO— phenyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl EtCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— ibueCO— phenyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl EtCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— iBuCO— phenyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl EtCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— nPrCO— phenyl EtCOO—

EXAMPLE 4 Additional Taxanes having C-7 Ester and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 1 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (5) may be prepared, wherein R₁₀ is hydroxy and R₇ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(7a)COO— and R_(7a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each X₃, X₅, R₂, R₇, and R₉ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(5)

Series X₅ X₃ R₇ R_(s) R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substitued C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 5 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Measured by the Cell Colony Formation Assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 2 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 1351 <1 1364 <10 1372 26.1 1386 <1 1393 <1 1401 <1 1418 <1 1424 <1 1434 <10 1447 <10 1458 <10 3069 <1 3082 <1 3171 <1 3196 <10 3232 <1 3327 <10 3388 <10 3444 <1 3479 <1 3555 <10 3560 <1 3611 <1 3629 <1 3632 <1 3708 <1 3713 <10 4017 <10 4044 <1 4106 <10 4135 <1 4175 <10 4219 29.0 4256 <1 4283 <1 4290 <10 4312 <1 4388 <1 4394 <1 4406 <1 4446 <1 4499 <1 4544 <10 4600 <10 4616 <1 4737 <1 4757 <1 6171 <10 6131 <1 5989 <10 6141 <1 6181 <1 6040 <10 6121 <10 6424 21.7 6212 <1 6282 <10 6252 <1 6343 <10 6272 <1 6202 <1 4454 <1 4414 <1 6333 <1 6686 <1 6363 <10 4787 <10 4828 <10 4898 <1 4939 <1 5020 <1 5030 <1 5191 <10 5202 <10 5070 <10 5080 <1 5121 21.1 5131 <10

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of Taxane having C-10 Ester and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

10-Propionyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a mixture of 0.2 g (0.367 mmol) of 10-deacetyl baccatin III and 0.272 g (1.10 mmol) of CeCl₃ in 10 mL of THF at 25° C. was added 2.35 mL (18.36 mmol) of propionic anhydride. After 30 min the reaction mixture was diluted with 200 mL of EtOAc, then washed three times with 50 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine. The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 70% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.199 g (90%) of 10-propionyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III as a solid.

7-Dimethylphenylsilyl-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a solution of 0.200 g (0.333 mmol) of 10-propionyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III in 12 mL of THF at −10° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added dropwise 0.668 mL (4.00 mmol) of chlorodimethyl-phenylsilane and 2.48 mL (30.64 mmol) of pyridine. After 90 min the mixture was diluted with 100 mL of a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane. The mixture was washed with 20 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 30 mL of a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane, and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 50% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.242 g (99%) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III as a solid.

7-Dimethylphenylsilyl-2′-O-triethylsilyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl taxol.

To a solution of 0.400 g (0.544 mmol) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III in 5.5 mL of THF at −45° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.681 mL (0.681 mmol) of a 1M solution of LHMDS in THF. After 1 h, a solution of 0.317 g (0.818 mmol) of cis-N-benzoyl-3-triethylsilyloxy-4-(2-thienyl) azetidin-2-one in 3 mL of THF was added slowly. The mixture was warmed to 0° C. and after 3 h 10 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the mixture was extracted three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 40% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.531 g (87%) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-2′-O-triethylsilyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl taxol as a solid.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl taxol.

To a solution of 0.521 g (0.464 mmol) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-2′-O-triethylsilyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl taxol in 2 mL of CH3CN and 2 mL of pyridine at 0° C. was added 0.5 mL of a solution of 30% HF in H₂O. After 3 h 20 mL of a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the mixture was extracted three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 70% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.405 g (100%) of 3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl taxol as a solid. m.p. 154-155° C.; [a]_(D) ²⁵=−45.0 (c 0.1 in CHCl3); Anal. Calcd. for C₄₆H₅₁NO₁₄S: C, 63.22; H, 5.88; Found: C, 62.94; H, 5.97.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-propionyl-10-deacetyl taxol ¹H NMR data (CDCl₃) Proton ppm pattern J (Hz) 2′ 4.78 dd H3′(2.1), 2′OH(4.1) 2′OH 3.51 d H2′(4.1) 3′ 6.07 dd NH(8.6), H2′(2.1) 5′ 7.04 dd (3.5), (5.0) 1OH 1.68 s 2 5.69 d H3(7.0) 3 3.85 d H2(7.0) 4Ac 2.42 s 5 4.96 app d 6a  2.45- app m 2.60 6b 1.89 ddd H7(1 0.9), H5(2.5), H6a(14.5) 7 4.42 ddd 7OH(4.2), H6a(6.8), H6b(10.8) 7OH  2.45- app m 2.60 10 6.32 s 13 6.27 app t H14a,b(9.0) 14a  2.40- app m 2.43 14b 2.34 dd H14a(15.5), H13(9.0) Me 16 1.16 s Me 17 1.25 app m Me 18 1.84 s Me 19 1.70 s 20a 4.31 d H20b(8.5) 20b 4.22 d H20a(8.5) o-benzoate  8.14- m 8.16 o-benzamide  7.72- m 7.73 NH 6.88 d H3′(8.6) CH3CH2 1.24 t CH3CH2(7.0) CH3CH2  2.45- app m 2.60

EXAMPLE 7 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Ester and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 6 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 6 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (6) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table.

(6)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₁₀ 0499 tBuOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 0503 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 0517 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 0521 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 0536 tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 0549 tBuOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 0550 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 0562 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 0578 tBuOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 0583 tBuOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 0596 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 0602 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl EtCOO— 0611 tBuOCO— phenyl EtCOO— 0625 PhCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 0634 PhCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 0647 PhCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 0659 PhCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 0663 PhCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 0670 PhCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 0687 PhCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 0691 PhCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 0706 PhCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 0719 PhCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 0720 PhCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 0732 PhCO— p-nitrophenyl EtCOO— 0748 PhCO— phenyl EtCOO— 0838 tBuOCO— isobutenyl cproCOO— 0843 tBuOCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 0854 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 0860 tBuOCO— cyclopropyl cproCOO— 0879 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl cproCOO— 0882 tBuOCO— phenyl cproCOO— 0890 PhCO— isobutenyl cproCOO— 0908 PhCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 0919 PhCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 0923 PhCO— cyclopropyl cproCOO— 0937 PhCO— phenyl cproCOO— 0947 tBuOCO— isobutenyl PrCOO— 0951 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl PrCOO— 0966 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl PrCOO— 0978 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl PrCOO— 0983 tBuOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 0999 tBuOCO— 3-furyl PrCOO— 1003 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 1011 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl PrCOO— 1020 tBuOCO— cyclopropyl PrCOO— 1031 tBuOCO— isopropyl PrCOO— 1044 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl PrCOO— 1060 tBuOCO— phenyl PrCOO— 1879 tBuOCO— isobutenyl 2-ThCOO— 1883 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl 2-ThCOO— 1892 tBuOCO— 2-furyl 2-ThCOO— 1900 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl 2-ThCOO— 1911 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl 2-ThCOO— 1923 tBuOCO— 3-furyl 2-ThCOO— 1939 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl 2-ThCOO— 1948 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl 2-ThCOO— 1954 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl 2-ThCOO— 1964 tBuOCO— isopropyl 2-ThCOO— 1970 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl 2-ThCOO— 1988 tBuOCO— phenyl 2-ThCOO— 2101 tBuOCO— isobutenyl 2-FuCOO— 2111 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl 2-FuCOO— 2124 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl 2-FuCOO— 2132 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl 2-FuCOO— 2142 tBuOCO— 2-furyl 2-FuCOO— 2159 tBuOCO— 3-furyl 2-FuCOO— 2164 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl 2-FuCOO— 2173 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl 2-FuCOO— 2181 tBuOCO— isopropyl 2-FuCOO— 2199 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl 2-FuCOO— 2202 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl 2-FuCOO— 2212 tBuOCO— phenyl 2-FuCOO— 2226 tBuOCO— isobutenyl iPrCOO— 2238 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl iPrCOO— 2242 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl iPrCOO— 2255 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl iPrCOO— 2269 tBuOCO— 2-furyl iPrCOO— 2273 tBuOCO— 3-furyl iPrCOO— 2287 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl iPrCOO— 2291 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl iPrCOO— 2306 tBuOCO— isopropyl iPrCOO— 2319 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl iPrCOO— 2320 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl iprCOO— 2332 tBuOCO— isobutenyl tC₃H₅COO— 2348 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl tC₃H₅COO— 2353 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl tC₃H₅COO— 2366 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl tC₃H₅COO— 2379 tBuOCO— 2-furyl tC₃H₅COO— 2380 tBuOCO— 3-furyl tC₃H₅COO— 2392 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl tC₃H₅COO— 2408 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl tC₃H₅COO— 2413 tBuOCO— isopropyi tC₃H₅COO— 2424 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl tC₃H₅COO— 2439 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl tC₃H₅COO— 2442 tBuOCO— phenyl tC₃H₅COO— 2455 tBuOCO— isobutenyl ibueCOO— 2464 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl ibueCOO— 2472 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl ibueCOO— 2488 tBuOCO— 2-furyl ibueCOO— 2499 tBuOCO— 3-furyl ibueCOO— 2503 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl ibueCOO— 2511 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl ibueCOO— 2520 tBuOCO— phenyl ibueCOO— 2781 tBuOCO— 3-furyl cproCOO— 2794 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl cproCOO— 2802 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl cproCOO— 2813 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl cproCOO— 2826 PhCO— 3-furyl cproCOO— 2838 PhCO— 3-thienyl cproCOO— 2844 PhCO— 2-pyridyl cproCOO— 2855 PhCO— 4-pyridyl cproCOO— 2869 PhCO— p-nitrophenyl cproCOO— 3053 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3071 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3096 EtCOO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3102 iBuOCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3110 iBuOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3129 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3132 nPrCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3148 nPrCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3163 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3204 PhCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3219 nPrCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3222 nPrCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3258 PhCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3265 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3297 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3314 nPrCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3352 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3361 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3370 EtOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3408 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3417 iPrOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3425 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3453 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3482 PhCO— cyclopropyl PrCOO— 3494 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3513 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3522 iPrOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3535 EtOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3543 C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 3588 C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 3595 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3603 C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3644 2-ThCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3656 2-ThCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3663 2-ThCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3677 EtOCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3686 2-FuCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3693 EtOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3800 C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3818 2-FuCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3853 iPrOCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3866 2-FuCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3909 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 3938 C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3945 C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3957 iBuOCO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 3971 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 3982 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3994 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl PrCOO— 4051 EtOCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 4062 nPrCO— 2-furyl cproCOO— 4112 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 4121 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 4190 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4207 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 4329 ibueCO— 2-thienyl cproCOO— 4335 ibueCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 4344 ibueCO— 2-thienyl PrCOO— 4665 iBuOCO— 3-furyl cproCOO— 4704 iBuOCO— 3-furyl PrCOO— 4711 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 4720 iBuOCO— isobutenyl cproCOO— 4799 iBuOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 4808 iBuOCO— cyclopropyl nPrCOO— 4834 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl nPrCOO— 4888 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 4919 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl nPrCOO— 4944 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl cproCOO— 5011 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl cproCOO— 5040 tC₃H₅CO— 3-thienyl cproCOO— 5065 iBuOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 5144 iBuOCO— isobutenyl nPrCOO— 5232 iBuOCO— cyclopropyl cproCOO— 5495 tBuOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 6522 tAmOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO—

EXAMPLE 8 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Ester and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 6 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (7) may be prepared wherein R₁₀ is as previously defined, including wherein R₁₀ is R_(a)COO— and R_(a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl such as ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, R₁₀ may be R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is ethyl, straight, branched or cyclic propyl, straight or branched propenyl, isobutenyl, furyl or thienyl.

(7)

X₅ X₃ R₁₀ tBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— benzoyl phenyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)COO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— EtOCO— phenyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl EtCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— ibueCO— phenyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl EtCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— iBuCO— phenyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— iBuCO— phenyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl EtCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl EtCOO nPrCO— isobutenyl EtCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl EtCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl EtCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl EtCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl EtCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl EtCOO—

EXAMPLE 9 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Ester and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 6 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (8) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is hydroxy and R₁₀ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— and R_(10a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R₉a are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each X₃, X₅, R₂, R₉, R₁₀ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(8)

Series X₅ X₃ R₁₀ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(1Oa)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX ₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 10 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Measured by the Cell Colony Formation Assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 7 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 0499 <1 0503 <1 0517 <10 0521 <1 0536 <1 0549 <10 0550 <10 0562 <1 0578 <1 0583 <10 0596 <10 0602 <1 0611 <10 0625 <1 0634 <10 0647 12.0 0659 <1 0663 <1 0670 <1 0687 <1 0691 <1 0706 <1 0719 <10 0720 <10 0732 <10 0748 <10 0838 <1 0843 <1 0854 <1 0860 <1 0879 <1 0882 <1 0890 <1 0908 <1 0919 <1 0923 <1 0937 <10 0947 <1 0951 <1 0966 <10 0978 <1 0983 <1 0999 <1 1003 <1 1011 <1 1020 <1 1031 <10 1044 <1 1060 <1 1879 <10 1883 <10 1892 <1 1900 <1 1911 <10 1923 <1 1939 <1 1948 <10 1954 <1 1964 <10 1970 <10 1988 <10 2101 <1 2111 <1 2124 <10 2132 <1 2142 <1 2159 <1 2164 <1 2173 <1 2181 <10 2199 <10 2202 <1 2212 <10 2226 <1 2238 <1 2242 <10 2255 <1 2269 <1 2273 <1 2287 <1 2291 <1 2306 <10 2319 <10 2320 <1 2332 <1 2348 <1 2353 <10 2366 <1 2379 <1 2380 <1 2392 <1 2408 <1 2413 <10 2424 <10 2439 <10 2442 <1 2455 <10 2464 <1 2472 <1 2488 <1 2499 <1 2503 <1 2511 <1 2520 <10 2781 <1 2794 <1 2802 <1 2813 <1 2826 <1 2838 <1 2844 <10 2855 <1 2869 <10 3053 <1 3071 <1 3096 <1 3102 <1 3110 <1 3129 <10 3132 <1 3148 <1 3163 <1 3204 <1 3219 <1 3222 <1 3258 <1 3265 <10 3297 <1 3314 <1 3352 <1 3361 <1 3370 <1 3408 <1 3417 <1 3425 <1 3453 <1 3482 <1 3494 <1 3513 <1 3522 <1 3535 <1 3543 <10 3588 <10 3595 <1 3603 <10 3644 <1 3656 <1 3663 <1 3677 <1 3686 <1 3693 <1 3800 <1 3818 <1 3853 <1 3866 <1 3909 <1 3938 <10 3945 <1 3957 <10 3971 <1 3982 <1 3994 <1 4051 <1 4062 <1 4112 <10 4121 <10 4190 <10 4207 <10 4329 <1 4335 <1 4344 <1 4665 <10 4704 <10 4711 <10 4720 <10 4799 <1 4808 <10 4834 <10 4888 <1 4919 <1 4944 <1 5011 <10 5040 <1 5065 <10 5144 <10 5232 <10 5495 <1 6522 <1

EXAMPLE 11 Preparation of Taxane having C-7 Substituted Acetate and C-10 Hydroxy

N-Debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-10-deacetyl-7-methoxyacetyl taxol (6226)

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-(2-methoxy-2-propyl)-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl-10-trimethylsilyl taxol (2.50 g, 2.292 mmol) in 50 mL of ethyl acetate was added 10% Pd-C (500 mg) and the mixture stirred at ambient temperature under a H₂ atmosphere (latex balloons) for 45 minutes. TLC of the reaction (silica gel, 1:1 ethyl acetate:hexane) showed the presence of only the product. The mixture was then filtered through a celite bed (5 g) and the celite washed with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate fraction was concentrated under reduced pressure to give, the N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-(2-methoxy-2-propyl)-10-deacetyl-10-trimethylsilyl taxol as a white solid 2.10 g (96%) which was directly used in the next step.

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-(2-methoxy-2-propyl)-10-deacetyl-10-trimethylsilyl taxol (400 mg, 0.418 mmol) in 4 mL anhydrous pyridine at 0° C. was added DMAP (20 mg, 0.16 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added drop wise methoxyacetyl chloride (96 mL, 1.045 mmol). TLC (silica gel, 2:3 ethyl acetate:hexane) after 3 h showed no starting material. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. (ice-water bath) and quenched by adding 80 mL of water.

To the reaction at 0° C. (ice-water bath) was added 4 mL of acetonitrile and 2 mL of 48% aqueous hydrofluoric acid and the cooling bath was removed. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 8.0 h and then diluted with 60 mL of ethyl acetate and washed with 2×10 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ followed by 15 mL of saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 365 mg of a yellow solid which was purified by flash-chromatography (silica gel, 1:1 ethyl acetate:hexane) to give 325 mg (88%) of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-10-deacetyl-7-methoxyacetyl taxol: mp 166-167° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 8.12 (m, 2H), 7.62(m, 1H), 7.46-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.40 (m, 1 H), 6.39(dd, J=3.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (dd, J=8.8, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.67(1H), 5.58 (m, 1H), 5.26-5.38(m, 3H), 4.98(m, 1H), 4.76(m, 1H), 4.36 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.09(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (m, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.30 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.55-2.60(m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.38(m,2H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.96-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.84 (bs, 3H), 1.62-1.68(m, 2H), 1.36(s, 3H), 1.34(s, 3H), 1.23(s, 3H), 1.10(s, 3H), 0.81(t, J=8.2 Hz, 3H); Anal. Calcd. for C₄₅H₅₇NO₁₇: C, 61.15; H, 6.50. Found: C, 61.01; H, 6.57.

EXAMPLE 12 Taxanes having C-7 Substituted Acetate and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 11 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 1 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (9) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table:

(9)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₇ 5544 ibueCO— 2-furyl AcOAcO— 5474 ibueCO— 2-furyl MeOAcO— 5555 ibueCO— 2-furyl PhOAcO— 5999 ibueCO— 2-furyl MeOAcO— 6353 tAmOCO— 2-furyl AcOAcO— 6226 tAmOCO— 2-furyl MeOAcO— 5622 tBuOCO— 2-furyl AcOAcO— 5515 tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtOAcO— 5445 tBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOAcO— 5600 tBuOCO— 2-furyl MeSAcO— 5616 tBuOCO— 2-furyl PhOAcO— 5835 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl MeOAcO— 5811 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl PhOAcO— 5919 C₃H₅CO— 2-furyl PhOAcO— 6326 tBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOAcO—

EXAMPLE 13 Taxanes having C7 Substituted Acetate and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (10) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(7a)COO— and R_(7a) is heterosubstituted methyl. In one embodiment, R_(7a) is chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, phenoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, or methylthiomethyl.

(10)

X₅ X₃ R₇ tBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— tBuOCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— benzoyl phenyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyciopropyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− isopropyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— C₄H₇CO− cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— cyciobutyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)COO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(7a)COO—

EXAMPLE 14 Taxanes having C-7 Substituted Acetate and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 11 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (11) may be prepared, wherein R₁₀ is hydroxy and R₇ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(7a)COO— wherein R_(7a) is a heterosubstituted methyl moiety lacking a carbon atom which is in the beta position relative to the carbon atom of which R_(7a) is a substituent. The heterosubstituted methyl is covalently bonded to at least one heteroatom and optionally with hydrogen, the heteroatom being, for example, a nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atom. The heteroatom may, in turn, be substituted with other atoms to form a heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters or ether moiety. Exemplary R₇ substituents include R_(7a)COO— wherein R_(7a) is hydrogen, methyl, chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, phenoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, acyloxymethyl, or methylthiomethyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a), are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each X₃, X₅, R₂, R₇, and R₉ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(11)

Series X₅ X₃ R₇ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 15 In Vitro cytotoxicity measured by the cell colony formation assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 2 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 5544 <1 5474 <1 5555 <1 5999 <1 6353 <1 6226 <1 5622 <1 5515 <1 5445 <1 5600 <1 5616 <1 5835 <1 5811 <1 5919 <1 6326 <1

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of Taxane having C-10 Substituted Acetate and C-7 Hydroxy

N-Debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-10-methoxyacetyl taxol (6515)

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-(2-methoxy-2-propyl)-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl-10-trimethylsilyl taxol (3.50 g) in 40 mL of 1:1 acetonitrile-pyridine at 0° C. (ice-water bath) was added dropwise over 10 minutes, 10 mL of 48% aqueous hydrofluoric acid. The cooling bath was then removed and the reaction stirred at ambient temperature for 8 h, diluted with 200 mL of ethyl acetate and washed with 25 mL of water, 2×20 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and 25 mL of saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxol as a white solid which was dried under high vacuum (0.1 mmHg, 12 h) and used directly in the next step.

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxol (2.17 g, 2.293 mmol) in anhydrous methylene chloride (6 mL) was added with stirring triethylamine (1.60 mL, 11.46 mmol) followed by the dropwise addition of 0.46 mL of triethylsilyl chloride. TLC of the mixture (silica gel, 2:3 ethyl acetate:hexane) after 2 h, showed the formation of only one product. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, 2 mL was added to the reaction which was then diluted with 70 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with 10 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and 15 mL of saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give pure N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-triethylsilyl-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxol as a white solid (2.21 g, 91%)

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-triethylsilyl-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxol (660 mg, 0.622 mmol) in 4 mL anhydrous pyridine at 0° C. was added DMAP (20 mg, 0.16 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added drop wise methoxyacetyl chloride (220 mL, 2.489 mmol). TLC (silica gel, 2:3 ethyl acetate:hexane) after 2 h showed no starting material. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. (ice-water bath) and quenched by adding 80 mL of water.

To the reaction at 0° C. (ice-water bath) was added 4 mL of acetonitrile and 2 mL of 48% aqueous hydrofluoric acid and the cooling bath was removed. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 8.0 h, diluted with 60 mL of ethyl acetate and washed with 10 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and 15 mL of saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduce pressure to give 602 mg of a yellow solid which was purified by flash-chromatography (silica gel, 1:1 ethyl acetate:hexane) to give 538 mg (85%) of pure N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl-10-methoxyacetyl taxol (TL-650): mp 145-146° C.; Anal. Calcd. for C₅₃H₆₃NO₁₉: C, 62.53; H, 6.24. Found: C, 62.26; H, 6.20.

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-benzyloxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl-10-methoxyacetyl taxol (TL-650, 350 mg, 0.343 mmol) in 15 mL ethyl acetate was added 10% Pd-C (100 mg). The mixture was stirred under a H₂ atmosphere (using latex balloons) for 1 h, when TLC (silica gel, 1:1 ethyl acetate:hexane) showed no starting material. The reaction was then filtered through celite (3 g) and the celite pad washed with 25 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 315 mg of a white solid which was purified by flash-chromatography (silica gel, 55:45 ethyl acetate:hexane) to give 283 mg (93%) of pure N-debenzoyl-N-tert-amyloxycarbonyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)- -10-deacetyl-10-methoxyacetyl taxol: mp 164-166° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 8.13 (m, 2H), 7.62(m, 1H), 7.46-7.51(m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 6.41 (bs, 1H), 6.39(dd, J=3.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.22(dd, J=8.8, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.67(1H), 5.22-5.38(m, 2H), 4.98(m, 1H), 4.76(m, 1H), 4.42(m, 2H), 4.36 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.28(m, 1H), 4.21 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.41 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.55-2.60(m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.38(m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.68 (bs, 3H), 1.62-1.68(m, 2H), 1.62(S, 3H), 1.36(s, 3H), 1.34(s, 3H), 1.23(s, 3H), 1.16(s, 3H), 0.80(t, J=8.2Hz, 3H); Anal. Calcd. for C₄₅H₅₇NO₁₇.½H₂O: C, 60.47; H, 6.49. Found: C, 60.64; H, 6.45.

EXAMPLE 17 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Acetate and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 16 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 16 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (12) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table:

(12)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₁₀ 6577 tAmOCO 2-furyl AcOAcO— 6515 tAmOCO 2-furyl MeOAcO— 6066 tC₃H₅CO 2-furyl MeOAcO— 6111 tC₃H₅CO 2-furyl PhOAcO—

EXAMPLE 18 Taxanes having C-10 Substituted Acetate and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 16 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (13 ) may be prepared, wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— and R_(10a) is heterosubstituted methyl. In one embodiment, R_(10a) is chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, phenoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, acyloxymethyl, or methylthiomethyl.

(13)

X₅ X₃ R₁₀ tBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— tBuOCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— benzoyl phenyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl FR_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— IBuCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— cyolopropyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)COO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(10a)COO—

EXAMPLE 19 Taxanes having C-10 Substituted Acetate and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 16 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (14) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is hydroxy and R₁₀ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is a heterosubstituted methyl moiety lacking a carbon atom which is in the beta position relative to the carbon atom of which R_(10a) is a substituent. The heterosubstituted methyl is covalently bonded to at least one heteroatom and optionally with hydrogen, the heteroatom being, for example, a nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or halogen atom. The heteroatom may, in turn, be substituted with other atoms to form a heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxy, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters or ether moiety. Exemplary R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)COO— wherein R_(10a) is chloromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, phenoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, acyloxymethyl, or methylthiomethyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstituted furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each X₃, X₅, R₂, R₇, and R₉ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(14)

Series X₅ X₃ R₁₀ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R9aCOO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 20 In Vitro cytotoxicity measured by the cell colony formation assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 2 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 6577 <1 6515 <1 6066 <1 6111 <1

EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of Taxane having C-7 Carbonate and C-10 Hydroxy

10-Triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a solution of 1.0 g (1.84 mmol) of 10-deacetyl baccatin III in 50 mL of THF at −10° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.857 mL (2.76 mmol, 1.5 mol equiv) of N,O—(bis)-TES-trifluoroacetamide over a period of 3 min. This was followed by the addition of 0.062 mL of a 0.89 M THF solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.055 mmol, 0.03 mol equiv). After 10 min 0.038 mL (0.92 mmol, 0.5 mol equiv) of methanol was added, and after an additional 5 min 4 mL (0.055 mmol, 0.03 mol equiv) of acetic acid was added. The solution was diluted with 300 mL of ethyl acetate and washed two times with 100 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The combined aqueous layers were extracted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was added 100 mL of hexane and the solid (1.23 g, 101%) was collected by filtration. Recrystallization of the solid by dissolving in boiling ethyl acetate (20 mL, 17 mL/g) and cooling to room temperature gave 1.132 g (94%) of a white solid. m.p. 242° C.; [α]_(D) ²⁵ −60.4 (c 0.7, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ (p.p.m): 8.10 (2H, d, Jm=7.5 Hz, Bzo), 7.60 (1H, t, Jm=7.5 Hz, Bzp), 7.47 (2H, t, Jo=7.5 Hz, Bzm), 5.64 (1H, d, J3=6.9 Hz, H2), 5.26 (1H, s, H10), 4.97 (1H, dd, J6β=2.2 Hz, J6α=9.9 Hz, H5),4.85(1H,dd,J14α=8.9 Hz,J14α=8.9 Hz, H13),4.30(1H,d,J20β=8.5 Hz, H20α), 4.23 (1H, ddd, J7OH=4.5Hz, J6α=6.6 Hz, J6β=11.0 Hz, H7),4.15 (1H, d, J20α=8.5 Hz, H20β), 4.00 (1H, d, J2=6.9 Hz, H3), 2.58 (1H, ddd, J7=6.6 Hz, J5=9.9 Hz, J6β=14.5 Hz, H6α), 2.28-2.25 (5H, m, 4Ac, H14α, H14β), 2.02 (3H, s, 18 Me), 1.97 (1H, d, J7=4.5 Hz, H7OH), 1.78 (1H, ddd, J7=11.0 Hz, J5=2.2 Hz, J6α=14.5 Hz, H6β), 1.68 (3H, s, 19 Me), 1.56 (1H, s, OH1), 1.32 (1H, d, J13 =8.8 Hz, OH13 ), 1.18 (3H, s, 17 Me), 1.06 (3H, s, 16 Me), 0.98 (9H, t, JCH₂(TES) =7.3 Hz, CH₃(TES)), 0.65 (6H, dq, JCH₃(TES)=7.3 Hz, CH₂(TES)).

10-Triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl-7-methoxycarbonyl baccatin II.

To a solution of 9.3 g (14.1 mmol) of 10-triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III and 10.35 g (84.6 mmol) of DMAP in 500 mL of dichloromethane at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 2.15 mL (22.7 mmol, 1.5 mol equiv) of methyl chloroformate. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 h, diluted with 300 mL of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted twice with 200 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 500 mL of 10% aqueous copper sulfate solution, 500 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, 100 mL of brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give 8.92 g (88%) of 10-triethylsilyl-1 0-deacetyl-7-methoxycarbonyl baccatin III. m.p. 260-262° C.; [α]_(D) ²⁵ −54.3 (c0.89, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) δ (ppm): 8.10 (2H, d, Jm=8.5 Hz, Bzo), 7.60 (1H, t, Jm=8.5 Hz, Bzp), 7.47 (2H, t, Jo=8.5 Hz, Bzm), 5.64 (1H, d, J3=7.0 Hz, H2), 5.31 (1H, dd, J6α=7.0 Hz, J6β=10.0 Hz, H7), 5.28 (1H, s, H10), 4.96 (1H, d, J6α=8.5 Hz, H5), 4.86 (1H, t, J14α=14.0 Hz, J14β=7.0 Hz, H13), 4.31 (1H, d, J20β=8.0 Hz, H20α), 4.16 (1H, d, J20α=8.0 Hz, H20β), 4.06 (1H, d, J2=7.0 Hz, H3), 3.77 (3H, s, OMe) 2.65 (1H, ddd, J7=7.0 Hz, J5=8.5 Hz, J6β=10.0 Hz, H6α), 2.29-2.26 (5H, m, 4Ac, H14α, H14β), 2.08 (3H, s, 18 Me), 2.01 (1H, d, 13OH), 1.92 (3H, ddd, J7=10.0 Hz, J5=2.3 Hz, J6α=10.0 Hz, H6β), 1.80 (3H, s, 19 Me), 1.18 (3H, s, 17 Me), 1.05 (3H, s, 16 Me), 0.97 (9H, t, JCH₂(TES)=8.0 Hz, CH₃(TES)), 0.59 (6H, dq, JCH₃(TES)=8.0 Hz, CH₂(TES)).

2′-O-MOP-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-triethylsilyl-7-methoxycarbonyl taxotere.

To a solution of 495 mg (0.690 mmol) of 10-triethylsilyl-10-deacetyl-7-methoxycarbonyl baccatin III in 4 mL of anhydrous THF under a nitrogen atmosphere at −45° C. was added 0.72 mL (0.72 mmol) of a 1M solution of LiHMDS in THF. After 0.5 h a solution of 278 mg (0.814 mmol) of the b-Lactam in 2 mL of anhydrous THF was added. The mixture was warmed to 0° C., and after 2 h 0.5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added. The mixture was diluted with 50 ml of ethyl acetate and washed two times with 5 mL of brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a slightly yellow solid. The solid was recrystallized by dissolving it in 12 mL of a 1:5 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane at reflux and then cooling to room temperature to give 679 mg (93%) of a white crystalline solid which was used directly in the next reaction.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-7-methoxycarbonyl taxotere.

To a solution of 211 mg (0.199 mmol) of 2′-O-MOP-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-triethylsilyl-7-methoxycarbonyl taxotere in 1.7 mL of pyridine and 5.4 mL of acetonitrile at 0° C. was added 0.80 mL (2.0 mmol) of an aqueous solution containing 49% HF. The mixture was warmed to room temperature for 14 h and was then diluted with 20 mL of ethyl acetate and washed three times with 2 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and then with 8 mL of brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 174 mg (100%) of a white solid. The crude product was crystallized with 2 mL of solvent (CH₂Cl₂:hexane=1:1.7) to give 168 mg (97%) of white crystals. m.p. 142.5-143° C.; [α]_(D) ²⁵−25.1 (c 0.53, CHCl₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₃H₅₃NO₁₆S: C, 59.23; H, 6.13. Found: C, 58.99; H, 6.25. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃):

Proton d (ppm) Pattern J (Hz) 2 5.69 d H3(6.5) o-benzoate 8.12 d m-benzoate(7.5) m-benzoate 7.51 t o-benzoate(7.5), p-benzoate(7.5) p-benzoate 7.62 t m-benzoate(7.5) 3 4.01 d H2(6.5) 4Ac 2.39 s 5 4.93 d H6a(8.0) 6a 2.53 ddd H7(7.5), H5(9.5), H6b(15.0) 6b 2.00 ddd H7(11.0), H5(2.5), H6a(15.0) 7 5.29 dd H6a(7.5), H6b(11.0) OMe 3.76 s 10 5.39 s 10-OH 4.06 brs 13 6.23 t H14a(9.0), H14b(9.0) 14a + 14b 2.34 m 16Me 1.11 s 17Me 1.23 s 18Me 1.93 s 19Me 1.86 s 20a 4.33 d H20b(8.5) 20b 4.21 d H20a(8.5) 2′ 4.64 br 2′OH 3.43 br 3′ 5.51 br 3″ 7.10 d H4″(3.5) 4″ 7.01 dd H5″(5.0), H3″(3.5) 5″ 7.28 d H4″(5.0) NH 5.34 d H3′(9.5) (CH3)3C 1.35 s

EXAMPLE 22 Additional Taxanes having C-7 Carbonate and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 21 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 21 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (15) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table.

(15)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₇ 4144 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4151 iPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4164 ibueCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4188 PhCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4222 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4234 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4244 ibueCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4262 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4304 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4355 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4363 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4411 PhCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4424 2-ThCO 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4434 tBuOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 4455 2-ThCO 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4474 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 4484 tBuOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 4500 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 4515 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl AcO— 4524 tBuOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 4533 tBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 4555 tBuOCO— cyclopropyl AcO— 4584 iBuOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 4566 tBuOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 4575 tBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 4624 iBuOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 4644 iBuOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 4656 iBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 4674 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 4688 iBuOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 4696 iBuOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4744 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 4766 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 5466 ibueCO— 2-furyl BnOCOO— 6151 ibueCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 6246 tAmOCO— 2-furyl BnOCOO— 5433 tBuOCO— 2-furyl BnOCOO— 4818 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 6566 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl BnOCOO— 4855 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4464 tBuOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 4904 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 4877 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 4979 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 4444 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 4999 tC₃H₅CO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 4969 tC₃H₅CO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 5225 iBuOCO— cpro EtOCOO— 5211 iBuOCO— cpro MeOCOO— 5165 tBuOCO— cpro EtOCOO—

EXAMPLE 23 Additional Taxanes having C-7 Carbonate and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 21 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (16) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(a)OCOO— and R_(a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclo such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(16)

X₅ X₃ R₇ tBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— benzoyl phenyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— IBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)OCOO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(a)OCOO— tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl EtOCOO— benzoyl isopropyl EtOCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl EtOCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl EtOCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl EtOCOO— benzoyl phenyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— phenyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— phenyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— phenyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl MeOCOO— benzoyl isopropyl MeOCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl MeOCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl MeOCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl MeOCOO— benzoyl phenyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyciobutyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— phenyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— phenyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— phenyl MeOCOO—

EXAMPLE 24 Taxanes Having C-7 Carbonate and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 21 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (17) may be prepared, wherein R₁₀ is hydroxy and R₇ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(7a)OCOO— and R_(7a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R₂. are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each X₃, X₅, R₂, R₇, and R₉ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

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Series X₅ X₃ R₇ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₅ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ aklkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 25 In Vitro cytotoxicity measured by the cell colony formation assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 22 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 4144 <1 4151 <1 4164 <1 4188 <10 4222 <1 4234 <1 4244 <1 4262 <1 4304 <10 4355 <1 4363 <10 4411 <1 4424 <1 4434 <1 4455 <1 4474 <1 4484 <1 4500 <1 4515 <10 4524 <1 4533 <1 4555 <1 4584 <10 4566 <1 4575 <1 4624 <10 4644 <10 4656 <1 4674 <1 4688 <10 4696 <1 4744 <1 4766 <1 5466 <1 6151 <1 6246 <1 5433 <1 4818 <1 6566 <10 4855 <1 4464 <1 4904 <10 4877 <1 4979 <10 4444 <1 4999 <1 4969 <1 5225 <10 5211 <10 5165 <1

EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of Taxanes having C-10 Carbonate and C-7 Hydroxy

10-Ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a mixture of 0.941 g (1.73 mmol) of 10-deacetyl baccatin III and 0.043 g (0.17 mmol) of CeCl₃ in 40 mL of THF at 25° C. was added 0.64 mL (4.32 mmol) of diethyl pyrocarbonate. After 3 h the reaction mixture was diluted with 200 mL of EtOAc, then washed three times with 50 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine. The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 40% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.960 g (90%) of 10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III as a solid.

7-Dimethylphenylsilyl-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a solution of 1.02 g (1.65 mmol)of 10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III in 30 mL of THF at −10° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added dropwise 0.668 mL (4.00 mmol) of chlorodimethylphenylsilane and 2.48 mL (30.64 mmol) of pyridine. After 90 min the mixture was diluted with 200 mL of a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane. The mixture was washed with 30 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 50 mL of a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane, and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 30% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 1.16 g (94%) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): d 8.09 (dm, J=7.64 Hz, 2 H, benzoate, o), 7.59 (tt, J=7.54, 1.43 Hz, 1H, benzoate, p), 7.57 (m, 2 H, phenyl, o), 7.46 (t, J=7.54 Hz, 2H, benzoate, m), 7.37-7.33 (m, 3 H, phenyl, m,p), 6.21 (s, 1H, H10), 5.63 (d, J=7.05 Hz, 1H, H2),4.87-4.80 (m, 2 H, H5 and H13), 4.44 (dd, J=6.84, 10.37 Hz, 1H, H7), 4.27 (d, J=8.27 Hz, 1H, H20a), 4.16 (qm, J=7.00 Hz, 2H, CH₃—CH₂—), 4.13 (d, J=8.27 Hz, 1H, H20b), 3.83 (d, J=7.05 Hz, 1H, H3), 2.34 (ddd, J=6.84, 9.63, 14.66 Hz, 1H, H6a), 2.26 (d, J=7.65 Hz, 2 H, H14a,b), 2.25 (s, 3H, Ac4),2.03 (s, 3H, Me18),1.98 (d, J=5.29, 1H, C13OH), 1.77 (ddd, J=2.12, 10.37, 14.66 Hz, 1H, H6b), 1.73 (s, 1H, Me19), 1.59 (s, 1H, C1 OH), 1.32 (t, J=7.00 Hz, 3 H, CH₃—CH₂—), 1.19 (s, 3H, Me17), 1.07 (s, 3H, Me16), 0.45 (s, 3 H, PhMe₂Si-), 0.35 (s, 3 H, PhMe₂Si-).

7-Dimethylphenylsilyl-2′-O-triethylsilyi-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxotere.

To a solution of 0.409 g (0.544 mmol) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl baccatin III in 5.5 mL of THF at −45° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.681 mL (0.681 mmol) of a 1M solution of LHMDS in THF. After 1 h, a solution of 0.317 g (0.818 mmol) of cis-N-benzoyl-3-triethylsilyloxy4-(2-thienyl) azetidin-2-one in 3 mL of THF was added slowly. The mixture was warmed to 0° C. and after 3 h 10 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the mixture was extracted three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 40% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.574 g (93%) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-2′-O-triethylsilyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxotere as a solid.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxotere.

To a solution of 0.527 g (0.464 mmol) of 7-dimethylphenylsilyl-2′-O-triethylsilyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxotere in 2 mL of CH₃CN and 2 mL of pyridine at 0° C. was added 0.5 mL of a solution of 30% HF in H₂O. After 3 h 20 mL of a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the mixture was extracted three times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using 70% EtOAc/hexane as eluent to give 0.411 g (100%) of 3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxotere as a solid. m.p. 160-161° C.; [a]_(D) ²⁵=−59.1 (c 1.0 in CH₂Cl₂); Anal. Calcd. for C₄₄H₅₅NO₁₆S: C, 59.65; H, 6.26; Found: C, 59.39; H, 6.34.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-ethoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyl taxotere ¹H NMR data (500 MHz, CDCl₃) Proton d (ppm) Pattern J (Hz) 1OH 1.68 s 2 5.68 d H3(7.0) 3 3.80 d H3(7.0) 4Ac 2.38 s 5 4.95 dd H6b(2.0), H6b(9.8) 6a 2.56 ddd H7(6.6), H5(9.8), H6b(14.65) 6b 1.89 ddd H5(2.0), H7(10.9), H6a(14.65) 7 4.40 ddd C7OH(4.2), H6a(6.6), H6b(10.9) 7OH 2.50 d H7(4.2) 10 6.12 s 13 6.25 t H14a(9.1), H14b(9.1) 14a 2.35 dd H13(9.1), H14b(14.2) 14b 2.34 dd H13(9.1), H14a(14.2) 16Me 1.17 s 17Me 1.26 s 18Me 1.90 s 19Me 1.70 s 20a 4.31 d H20b(8.6) 20b 4.19 d H20a(8.6) 2′ 4.64 dd C2′OH(5.5), H3′(2.0) 2′OH 3.38 d H3′(5.5) 3′ 5.51 br d NH(9.5) NH 5.28 d H3′(9.5) 3′(2-thienyl), H3″ 7.29 dd 3′(2-thienyl), H5″(1.1), 3′(2-thienyl), H3″(5.1) 3′(2-thienyl), H4″ 7.02 dd 3′(2-thienyl), H5″(3.6), 3′(2-thienyl), H3″(5.1) 3′(2-thienyl), H5″ 7.09 d 3′(2-thienyl), H4″(3.6) Boc 1.34 s benzoate, m 7.51 t benzoate, o(7.8), benzoate, p(7.8) benzoate, o 8.12 d benzoate, m(7.8) benzoate, p 7.61 t benzoate, m(7.8) CH₃—CH₂—OCO 1.37 t CH₃—CH₂—OCO(7.1) CH₃—CH₂—OCO 4.28 m

EXAMPLE 27 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Carbonate and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 26 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 26 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (18) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table.

Compound X₅ X₃ R₁₀ 1755 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 1767 tBuOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 1781 tBuOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 1799 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 1808 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 1811 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 1822 tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 1838 tBuOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 1841 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 1855 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 1999 tBuOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2002 tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2011 tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2020 tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2032 tBuOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2044 tBuOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 2050 tBuOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2062 tBuOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2077 tBuOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 2666 tBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2972 PhCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 2988 EtOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 2999 iPrOCO— 2-htienyl EtOCOO— 3003 iBuOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3011 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3020 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3033 C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3155 nPrCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3181 iBuOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 3243 tC₃H₅CO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3300 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3393 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3433 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 3911 2-FuCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 3929 nPrCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 3963 iPrOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4000 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4020 EtOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4074 C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4088 2-ThCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 40980 PhCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4374 ibueCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— 4636 iBuOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 6466 iPrCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4959 tC₃H₅CO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 4924 iBuOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 4844 iBuOCO— cpro EtOCOO— 5171 tBuOCO— cpro EtOCOO— 5155 iBuOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 1788 tBuOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 1767 tBuOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 1771 tBuOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 1866 tBuOCO— p-nitrobenyl EtOCOO— 2060 tBuOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2092 tBuOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 2088 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl MeOCOO—

EXAMPLE 28 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Carbonate and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 26 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (19) may be prepared, wherein R₁₀ is as previously defined including wherein R₁₀ is R_(a)OCOO— and R_(a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₃ to C₈ alkenyl such as propenyl or straight, branched or cyclic butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₃ to C₈ alkynyl such as propynyl or straight or branched butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. For example, R₁₀ may be R_(10a)OCOO— wherein R_(10a) is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl.

(19)

X₅ X₃ R₁₀ tBuOCO 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— benzoyl phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3PyCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(10a)OCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R₁₀OCOO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(10a)OCOO— tBuOCO cyclopentyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl EtOCOO— benzoyl isopropyl EtOCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl EtOCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl EtOCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl EtOCOO— benzoyl phenyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 3PyCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— EtOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopeopyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— ibueCO— phenyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— iBuCO— phenyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl EtOCOO— nPrCO— phenyl EtOCOO— tBuOCO cyclopropyl MeOCOO— tBuOCO cyclopentyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 2-thienyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl MeOCOO— benzoyl isopropyl MeOCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl MeOCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl MeOCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl MeOCOO— benzoyl phenyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 3PyCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— EtOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— ibueCO— phenyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— iBuCO— phenyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl MeOCOO— nPrCO— phenyl MeOCOO—

EXAMPLE 29 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Carbonate and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 26 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (20) may be prepared, wherein in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) R₇ is hydroxy and R₁₀ is as previously defined, including wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)OCOO— and R_(10a) is (i) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkenyl (straight, branched or cyclic), such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, C₂ to C₈ alkynyl (straight or branched) such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, phenyl; or (v) substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted, heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each of X₃, X₅, R₂, R₉ and R₁₀ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(20)

Series X₅ X₃ R₁₀ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)COO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)OCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 30 In Vitro cytotoxicity measured by the cell colony formation assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 27 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 1755 <1 1767 <10 1781 <1 1799 <1 1808 <10 1811 <1 1822 <1 1838 <1 1841 <1 1855 <10 1867 <1 1999 <1 2002 <1 2011 <10 2020 <1 2032 <1 2044 <1 2050 <1 2062 <10 2077 <10 2086 <1 2097 <1 2666 <1 2972 <10 2988 <1 2999 <1 3003 <10 3011 <1 3020 <1 3033 <10 3155 <1 3181 <1 3243 <1 3300 <10 3393 >50 3433 22.3 3911 <1 3929 <1 3963 <1 4000 <1 4020 <1 4074 <1 4088 <10 4090 <1 4374 <1 4636 <10 6466 <10 4959 <1 4924 <10 4844 <1 5171 <1 5155 <10 1788 <1 1767 <10 1771 <10 1866 <1 2060 <10 2092 <1 2088 <1

EXAMPLE 31 Preparation of Taxane Having C-7 Carbamoyloxy and C-10 Hydroxy

N-Debenzoyl-N-isobutenyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-phenylcarbamoyl taxol (5535)

To a solution of N-debenzoyl-N-isobutenyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-2′-(2-methoxy-2-propyl)-10-triethylsilyl taxol (400 mg, 0.413 mmol) in 4 mL anhydrous pyridine was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added dropwise phenyl isocyanate (112 L, 1.034 mmol). TLC (silica gel, 2:3 ethyl acetate:hexane) after 3 h showed no starting material. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. (ice-water bath) and quenched by adding 50 L of water.

To the reaction at 0° C. (ice-water bath) was added 4 mL of acetonitrile and 2 mL of 48% aqueous hyderofluoric acid and the cooling bath removed. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12.5 h and then diluted with 60 mL of ethyl acetate and washed with 10 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ followed by 15 mL of saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduce pressure to give 390 mg of an off-white solid which was purified by flash-chromatography (silica gel, 1:1 ethyl acetate:hexane) to give 320 mg (86%) of N-debenzoyl-N-isobutenyl-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-furyl)-7-phenylcarbamoyl taxol: mp 188-89C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 8.11 (m, 2H), 7.60(m, 1H), 7.46-7.51(m, 2H), 7.26-7.40(m, 6H), 6.34(dd, J=3.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=3.1 Hz,1H), 6.21 (dd, J=8.8, 8.7 Hz,1H), 5.67(2H), 5.47(2H), 4.98-5.01 (m, 3H), 4.76(m, 1H), 4.32(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21(d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 4.09(d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 3.99 (m,1H), 3.30 (d, J=5.5 Hz,1H), 2.60-2.68(m,1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.08(m, 1H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.91 (bs, 3H), 1.84 (bs, 3H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.23(s, 3H), 1.10(s, 3H); Anal. Calcd. for C₄₈H₅₄N₂O₁₅: C, 64.13; H, 6.05. Found: C, 63.78; H, 6.20.

EXAMPLE 32 Taxanes having C7-Carbamoyloxy and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 31 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams and acylating agents were substituted for the β-lactam and acylating agent of Example 31 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (21) and the combination of substituents identified in the following table.

(21)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₇ 5522 ibueCO— 2-furyl 3,4-diFPhNHCOO— 6404 tAmOCO— 2-furyl 3,4-diFPhNHCOO— 5415 tBuOCO— 2-furyl 3,4-diFPhNHCOO— 5800 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl 3,4-diFPhNHCOO— 5575 ibueCO— 2-furyl C₃H₅NHCOO— 5385 tbuOCO— 2-furyl C₃H₅NHCOO— 5844 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl C₃H₅NHCOO— 5373 tBuOCO— 2-furyl chexNHCOO— 5895 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl chexNHCOO— 5588 ibueCO— 2-furyl EtNHCOO— 5393 tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtNHCOO— 6696 tBuOCO— 2-furyl EtNHCOO— 5822 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl EtNHCOO— 5565 ibueCO— 2-furyl mnipNHCOO— 6476 tAmOCO— 2-furyl mnipNHCOO— 5400 tBuOCO— 2-furyl mnipNHCOO— 5747 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl mnipNHCOO— 5535 ibueCO— 2-furyl PhNHCOO— 6399 tAmOCO— 2-furyl PhNHCOO— 5757 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl PhNHCOO— 5665 tBuOCO— 2-furyl PrNHCOO— 5454 tBuOCO— 2-furyl tBuNHCOO—

EXAMPLE 33 Taxanes having C7-Carbamoyloxy and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 31 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (22) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table may be prepared, wherein R₇ is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— and (a) R_(7a) and R_(7b) are each hydrogen, (b) one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₃ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₃ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, or (c) R_(7a) and R_(7b) are independently (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. For example, R₇ may be R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl.

(22)

X₅ X₃ R₇ tBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— tBuOCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— benzoyl phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO—

EXAMPLE 34 Taxanes having C7-Carbamoyloxy and C-10 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 31 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (23) may be prepared, wherein R₁₀ is hydroxy and R₇ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₇ is R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— and one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) phenyl or substituted phenyl such as nitro, alkoxy or halosubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, preferred R₇ substituents include R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl. In another embodiment, preferred R₇ substituents include R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(7a) and R_(7b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each X₃, X₅, R₂, R₇, and R₉ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(23)

Series X₅ X₃ R₇ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(7a)R_(7b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 35 In Vitro cytotoxicity measured by the cell colony formation assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 32 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 5522 <1 6404 <10 5415 <1 5800 <10 5575 <1 5385 <1 5844 <10 5373 <10 5895 <1 5588 <1 5393 <1 6696 <1 5822 <10 5565 <1 6476 <10 5400 <1 5747 <10 5535 <1 6399 <10 5757 <10 5665 >50 5454 <10

EXAMPLE 36 Preparation of Taxane having C-10 Carbamoyloxy and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

7,10-(bis)-carbobenzyloxy-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

To a solution of 10-DAB (1.14 g, 2.11 mmol) in 20 mL of methylene chloride was added DMAP (6.20 g, 50.6 mmol) and benzyl chloroformate (1.8 mL, 12.7 mmol) slowly under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated to 40-45° C., kept at this temperature for 2 h, and an additional 1.8 mL (12.7 mmol) of benzyl chloroformate was added. Heating at 40-45° C. was continued for an additional 6 h, the mixture was diluted with 200 mL of CH₂Cl₂ and washed three times first with 1N HCl and then with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The combined washings were extracted three times with 30 mL of CH₂Cl₂, the organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography of the residue on silica gel eluting with CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc gave 1.48 g (86%) of 7,10-(bis)-carbobenzyloxy-10-deacetyl baccatin III.

7,10-(bis)-carbobenzyloxy-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl docetaxel.

To a solution of 425 mg (0.523 mmol) of 7,10-(bis)-carbobenzyloxy-10-deacetyl baccatin III in THF (4.5 mL) at −45° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.80 mL of a solution of LHMDS (0.98 M) in THF dropwise. The mixture was kept at −45° C. for 1 h prior to addition of a solution of 341 mg (0.889 mmol) of cis-N-tbutoxycarbonyl-3-triethylsilyloxy-4-(2-thienyl) azetidin-2-one in 2 mL of THF. The mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C., and after 2 h was poured into 20 mL of saturated ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with 50 mL of EtOAc/Hexanes (1:1) and the organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Chromatography of the residue on silica gel eluting with EtOAc/Hexanes gave 576 mg (92%) of 7,10-(bis)-carbobenzyloxy-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl docetaxel.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl docetaxel.

A suspension of 550 mg of 7,10-(bis)-carbobenzyloxy-3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl docetaxel and 50 mg of 10% Pd/C in 30 mL of EtOH and 10 mL of EtOAc was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 2 h at room temperature. The slurry was filtered through a pad of celite 545 which was then washed with EtOAc. The washings were concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using EtOAc/Hexanes as eluent to give 405 mg (95%) of 3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl docetaxel.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl-10-N-ethylcarbamoyl docetaxel.

To a slurry of 3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl docetaxel (201 mg, 0.217 mmol) and CuCl (43.0 mg, 0.434 mmol) in THF (3.5 mL) at −15° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere was added a solution of 51.5 mL (0.651 mmol) of ethyl isocynate in 1.9 mL of THF. The mixture was warmed to 0° C. and after 1.4 h 5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and 20 mL of ethyl acetate were added. The water layer was extracted three times with 50 mL of EtOAc/Hexanes (1:1). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give 218 mg of a residue which was used directly without purification.

3′-Desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-N-ethylcarbamoyl docetaxel (2722).

To a solution of the 218 mg of 3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-2′-O-triethylsilyl-10-N-ethylcarbamoyl docetaxel obtained above in 6 mL of pyridine and 12 mL of CH₃CN at 0° C. was added 1.0 mL of 49% aqueous HF. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and after 2.5 h 50 mL of EtOAc was added. The mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography of the residue on silica gel using CH₂Cl₂/MeOH as eluent gave 169 mg (88% for 2 steps) of 3′-desphenyl-3′-(2-thienyl)-10-N-ethylcarbamoyl docetaxel.

EXAMPLE 37 Taxanes having C-10 Carbamoyloxy and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 36 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the cis-N-tbutoxycarbonyl-3-triethylsilyloxy-4-(2-thienyl) azetidin-2-one of Example 36 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (24) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table. The following table also includes characterization data for certain of these compounds, along with characterization data for the compound (2722) prepared in Example 36.

(24)

No. X₃ m.p.(° C.) [α]_(D) (CHCl₃) Elemental Analysis 2600 2-pyridyl 173-175  −71.4 (c 0.22) Found: C, 60.70; H, 6.69 (Calcd. for C₄₅H₅₇N₃O₁₅.0.5- H₂O: C, 60.79; H, 6.58) 2616 3-pyridyl 183-185  −61.0 (c 0.20) Found: C, 58.96; H, 6.51 (Calcd. for C₄₅H₅₇N₃O₁₅.2- H₂O: C, 59.00; H, 6.69) 2622 3-thienyl 173-175  −68.1 (c 0.19) Found: C, 58.40; H, 6.42 (Calcd. for C₄₄H₅₆N₂O₁₅S.- H₂O: C, 58.47; H, 6.47) 2633 i-propyl 170-172  −75.7 (c 0.22) Found: C, 60.10; H, 7.15 (Calcd. for C₄₃H₆₀N₂O₁₅.- H₂): C, 59.84; H, 7.24) 2686 i-butenyl 167-169 −106.7 (c 0.17) Found: C, 61.12; H, 7.10 (Calcd. for C₄₄H₆₀N₂O₁₅.0.5- H₂O: C, 61.02; H, 7.10) 2692 4-pyridyl 203-205  −69.7 (c 0.18) Found: C, 60.19; H, 6.61 (Calcd. for C₄₅H₅₇N₃O₁₅H₂O: C, 60.13; H, 6.62) 2700 2-furyl 169-171  −73.6 (c 0.22) Found: C, 60.59; H, 6.58 (Calcd. for C₄₄H₅₆N₂O₁₆: C, 60.82; H, 6.50) 2717 3-furyl 165-167  −53.8 (c 0.23) Found: C, 60.07; H, 6.48 (Calcd. for C₄₄H₅₆N₂O₁₆.- 0.5H₂O: C, 60.14; H, 6.54 2722 2-thienyl 166-168  −52.2 (c 0.25) Found: C, 58.28; H, 6.32 (Calcd. for C₄₄H₅₆N₂O₁₅S.- H₂O: C, 58.47; H, 6.47) 2733 cyclobutyl 168-170  −73.9 (c 0.23) Found: C, 60.96; H, 7.02 (Calcd. for C₄₄H₆₀N₂O₁₅.0.5- H₂O: C, 61.02; H, 7.10) 2757 cyclopropyl 168-170  −91.7 (c 0.23) Found: C, 66.07; H, 6.86 (Calcd. for C₄₃H₅₈N₂O₁₅.H₂O: C, 59.98; H, 7.02)

EXAMPLE 38 Taxanes Having C-10 Carbomoyloxy and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

The procedures described in Example 36 were repeated, but other suitably protected β-lactams were substituted for the β-lactam of Example 36 to prepare the series of compounds having structural formula (25) and the combinations of substituents identified in the following table.

(25)

Compound X₅ X₃ R₁₀ 2640 tBuOCO— phenyl EtNHCOO— 2743 tBuOCO— p-nitrophenyl EtNHCOO— 6015 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl 3,4-diFPhNHCOO— 6024 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl PhNHCOO— 6072 tC₃H₅CO— 2-furyl EtNHCOO—

EXAMPLE 39 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Carbamoyloxy and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 36 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (26) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is as previously defined including wherein R₁₀ is R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— and (a) R_(a) and R_(b) are each hydrogen, (b) one of R_(a) and R_(b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₃ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₃ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, or (c) R_(a) and R_(b) are independently (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. For example, R₁₀ may be R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(a) and R_(b) is hydrogen and the other is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl.

(26)

X₅ X₃ R₁₀ tBuOCO 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— tBuOCO phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— benzoyl phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-FuCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-ThCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 2-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 3-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— 4-PyCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— C₄H₇CO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— EtOCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— ibueCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iBuOCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 2-oyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— iPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrOCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 2-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 3-furyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 2-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 3-thienyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 2-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 3-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— 4-pyridyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— isobutenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— isopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— cyclopropyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— cyclobutyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— cyclopentyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO— nPrCO— phenyl R_(a)R_(b)NCOO—

EXAMPLE 40 Additional Taxanes having C-10 Carbamoyloxy and C-7 Hydroxy Substituents

Following the processes described in Example 36 and elsewhere herein, the following specific taxanes having structural formula (27) may be prepared, wherein R₇ is hydroxy and R₁₀ in each of the series (that is, each of series “A” through “K”) is as previously defined, including wherein R₁₀ is R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— and one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is (i) substituted or unsubstituted C₁ to C₈ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl such as ethenyl or straight, branched or cyclic propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl; (iii) substituted or unsubstituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl such as ethynyl or straight or branched propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl; (iv) phenyl or substituted phenyl such as nitro, alkoxy or halosubstituted phenyl, or (v) substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic such as furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl. The substituents may be those identified elsewhere herein for substituted hydrocarbyl. In one embodiment, preferred R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl. In another embodiment, preferred R₁₀ substituents include R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— wherein one of R_(10a) and R_(10b) is hydrogen and the other is substituted methyl, ethyl, or straight, branched or cyclic propyl.

In the “A” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “B” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “C” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(9a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “D” and “E” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), and R₇, R₉ (series D only) and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “F” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “G” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “H” series of compounds, X₁₀ is as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “I” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “J” series of compounds, X₁₀ and R_(2a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

In the “K” series of compounds, X₁₀, R_(2a) and R_(9a) are as otherwise as defined herein. Preferably, heterocyclo is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, X₁₀ is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl (e.g., tert-butyl), R_(2a) is preferably substituted or unsubstitued furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, or lower alkyl, and R₇, R₉ and R₁₀ each have the beta stereochemical configuration.

Any substituents of each of X₃, X₅, R₂, R₇, and R₉ may be hydrocarbyl or any of the heteroatom containing substituents selected from the group consisting of heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, thiol, ketal, acetal, ester and ether moieties, but not phosphorous containing moieties.

(27)

Series X₅ X₃ R₁₀ R₂ R₉ R₁₄ A1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H A4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl A7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl A8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂to C₈ alkenyl A9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂to C₈ alkenyl A10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl A11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂to C₈ alkynyl A12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H B4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl B7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl B10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl B12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C_(2a)COO— O H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H C4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl C7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl C10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl C12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H D4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₆ alkyl D6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl D7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl D9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂to C₈ alkenyl D10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl D12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH E4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl E7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl E10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl E12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H F4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl F7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl F10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl F12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(9a)COO— H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H G4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl G7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl G10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl G12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH H substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH H4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl H7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl H10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl H12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— C₆H₅COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH I4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl I7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl I10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl I12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— O OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH J4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl J7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl J10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl J12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— OH OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K1 —COOX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH K2 —COX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH K3 —CONHX₁₀ heterocyclo R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH K4 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K5 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K6 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkyl K7 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K8 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K9 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkenyl K10 —COOX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K11 —COX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl K12 —CONHX₁₀ optionally R_(10a)R_(10b)NCOO— R_(2a)COO— R_(2a)COO— OH substituted C₂ to C₈ alkynyl

EXAMPLE 41 In Vitro cytotoxicity measured by the cell colony formation assay

Four hundred cells (HCT116) were plated in 60 mm Petri dishes containing 2.7 mL of medium (modified McCoy's 5a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 g/mL streptomycin). The cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator at 37° C. for 5 h for attachment to the bottom of Petri dishes. The compounds identified in Example 37 were made up fresh in medium at ten times the final concentration, and then 0.3 mL of this stock solution was added to the 2.7 mL of medium in the dish. The cells were then incubated with drugs for 72 h at 37° C. At the end of incubation the drug-containing media were decanted, the dishes were rinsed with 4 mL of Hank's Balance Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 mL of fresh medium was added, and the dishes were returned to the incubator for colony formation. The cell colonies were counted using a colony counter after incubation for 7 days. Cell survival was calculated and the values of ID50 (the drug concentration producing 50% inhibition of colony formation) were determined for each tested compound.

IN VITRO Compound ID 50 (nm) HCT116 taxol 2.1 docetaxel 0.6 2600 <1 2616 27 2622 <1 2633 <10 2686 <1 2692 <1 2700 <1 2717 <1 2722 <1 2733 <10 2757 <1 2640 <1 2743 <1 6015 <10 6024 <1 6072 <1

EXAMPLE 42 Preparation of Solutions for Oral Administration

Solution 1: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 140 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 70 mg of compound 1393 per ml. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 2: Antitumor compound 1458 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 310 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 155 mg of compound 1458 per ml. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 3: Antitumor compound 1351 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 145 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 72.5 mg of compound 1351 per ml. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 4: Antitumor compound 4017 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 214 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 107 mg of compound 4017 per ml. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 5: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol then mixed with an equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution to form a solution containing 70 mg of compound 1393 per ml. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of D % W (an aqueous solution containing 5% weight by volume of dextrose) or 0.9% saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 6: Antitumor compound 1771 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 145 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 72.5 mg of compound 1771 per ml of solution. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 7: Antitumor compound 1781 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 98 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL was added to the solution while stirring to form an solution containing 49 mg of compound 1781 per ml of solution. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 8: Antitumor compound 0499 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 106 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 53 mg of compound 0499 per ml of solution. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 9: Antitumor compound 0550 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 140 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 70 mg of compound 0550 per ml of solution. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 10: Antitumor compound 0611 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 150 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 75 mg of compound 0611 per ml of solution. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

Solution 11: Antitumor compound 0748 was dissolved in ethanol to form a solution containing 266 mg of the compound per ml of solution. An equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution was added to the solution while stirring to form a solution containing 133 mg of compound 0748 per ml of solution. This solution was diluted using 9 parts by weight of saline to form a pharmaceutically acceptable solution for administration to a patient.

EXAMPLE 43 Preparation of a Suspension Containing Compound 1393 for Oral Administration

An oral composition of antitumor compound 1393 was prepared by suspending 25 mg of compound 1393 as a fine powder in one ml of carrier containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in deionized water.

EXAMPLE 44 Preparation of a Tablet Containing Compound 1393 for Oral Administration

Antitumor compound 1393 (100 mg) was dissolved in methylene chloride (2 ml) and Cremophor® EL solution (100mg) was added. The methylene chloride was evaporated under vacuum to form a glass. Microcrystalline cellulose (600 mg) was added to the glass and mixed to form a powder which can be processed to form a tablet.

EXAMPLE 45 Preparation of Emulsions Containing Compound 1393 for Parenteral Administration

Emulsion 1: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol to form a solution containing 40 mg of compound 1393 per ml of the solution. The solution was then diluted with 19 parts by weight of Liposyn® II (20%) with stirring to form an emulsion containing 2 mg of compound 1393 per ml for parenteral administration.

Emulsion 2: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol to form a solution containing 40 mg of compound 1393 per ml of the solution. The solution was then diluted with 19 parts by weight of Liposyn® III (2%) with stirring to form an emulsion containing 2 mg of compound 1393 per ml for parenteral administration.

Emulsion 3: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol to form a solution containing mg of compound 1393 per ml of the solution. The solution was then diluted with 9 parts by weight of Liposyn® III (2%) with stirring to form an emulsion containing 4 mg of compound 1393 per ml for parenteral administration.

Example 46 Preparation of Solutions Containing Compound 1393 for Parenteral Administration

Solution 1: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol to form a solution containing 140 mg of compound 1393 per ml. The solution was then diluted with an equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution with stirring and was then diluted with 9 parts by weight of normal saline to form a solution containing 7 mg of compound 1393 per ml of solution for parenteral administration.

Solution 2: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol to form a solution containing 140 mg of compound 1393 per ml of the solution. The solution was then diluted with an equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution with stirring and was then diluted with 4 parts by weight of normal saline to form a solution containing 11.7 mg of compound 1393 per ml of solution for parenteral administration.

Solution 3: Antitumor compound 1393 was dissolved in 100% ethanol to form a solution containing 140 mg of compound 1393 per ml of the solution. The solution was then diluted with an equal volume of Cremophor® EL solution with stirring and was then diluted with 2.33 parts by weight of normal saline to form a solution containing 16.2 mg of compound 1393 per ml of solution for parenteral administration. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a taxane and at least one nonaqueous, pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, wherein the taxane has a solubility in ethanol at room temperature of at least 200 mg/ml and an ID₅₀ value determined relative to the HCT116 cell line that is at least 4 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the ID₅₀ value of the taxane is at least 5 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the ID₅₀ value of the taxane is at least 6 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the ID₅₀ value of the taxane is at least 7 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the ID₅₀ value of the taxane is at least 8 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the ID₅₀ value of the taxane is at least 9 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the ID₅₀ value of the taxane is at least 10 times less than that of paclitaxel.
 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the taxane concentration is between 0.01 mg and 10 mg per ml of the composition.
 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the taxane dosage is at least 20 mg/m².
 10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the taxane dosage is between 20 mg/m² and about 600 mg/m².
 11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the taxane dosage is between about 25 mg/m² and about 400 mg/m².
 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the taxane dosage is between about 40 mg/m² and about 300 mg/m².
 13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the taxane dosage is between about 50 mg/m² and about 200 mg/m².
 14. The composition of claim 1 wherein the taxane has the formula:

wherein one of R₇ and R₁₀ is hydroxy and the other is acyloxy; X₃ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl or heterocyclo; X₅ is —COX₁₀, —COOX₁₀, or —CONHX₁₀; X₁₀ is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo; R₂ is acyloxy; R₉ is keto, hydroxy, or acyloxy; R₁₄ is hydrido or hydroxy; and Ac is acetyl.
 15. The composition of claim 14 wherein the composition is for parenteral administration.
 16. The composition of claim 14 wherein the composition is for oral administration.
 17. The composition of claim 14 wherein X₃ is phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₂-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl.
 18. The composition of claim 14 wherein X₅ is —COX₁₀ and X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl.
 19. The composition of claim 14 wherein R₁₄ is hydrido and R₂ is benzoyloxy.
 20. The composition of claim 14 wherein R₇ is hydroxy and R₁₀ is R_(10a)C(O)O—, R_(10a)R_(10b)NC(O)O—, R_(10a)OC(O)O— or R_(10a)SC(O)O— wherein R_(10a) is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo and R_(10b) is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo.
 21. The composition of claim 20 wherein X₃ is phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₂-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl.
 22. The composition of claim 20 wherein X₅ is —COX₁₀ and X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl.
 23. The composition of claim 20 wherein R₁₄ is hydrido and R₂ is benzoyloxy.
 24. The composition of claim 20 wherein R₁₄ is hydroxy; X₃ is phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₂-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl; X₅ is —COX₁₀ and X₁₀ is phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is t-butyl.
 25. The composition of claim 24 wherein X₃ is furyl or thienyl.
 26. The composition of claim 25 wherein X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is t-butyl.
 27. The composition of claim 14 wherein R₁₀ is hydroxy and R₇ is R_(7a)C(O)O—, R_(7a)R_(7b)NC(O)O—, R_(7a)OC(O)O— or R_(7a)SC(O)O— wherein R_(7a) is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo and R_(7b) is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo.
 28. The composition of claim 27 wherein X₃ is phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₂-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl.
 29. The composition of claim 27 wherein X₅ is —COX₁₀ and X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl.
 30. The composition of claim 27 wherein R₁₄ is hydrido and R₂ is benzoyloxy.
 31. The composition of claim 27 wherein R₁₄ is hydroxy; X₃ is phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, C₂-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, or C₂-C₈ alkynyl; X₅ is —COX₁₀ and X₁₀ is phenyl, or X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is t-butyl.
 32. The composition of claim 31 wherein X₃ is furyl or thienyl.
 33. The composition of claim 32 wherein X₅ is —COOX₁₀ and X₁₀ is t-butyl. 